Calculation of multivariate Chebyshev-type inequalities

AbstractA general multivariate Chebyshev inequality has been obtained by Whittle and Olkin and Pratt. Application of their inequality is made difficult because of the presence of a certain intractable matrix equation. Dharmadhikari and Joag-Dev have obtained a bivariate Gauss inequality. In this paper, we extend the bivariat Gauss inequality to the general multivariate case, encountering the same intractable matrix equation. We develop a general method for the solution of this equation, applying recent results in the solution of systems of nonlinear equations

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease

Highway embankments over soft compressible alluvial deposits: guidelines for design and construction

This report provides guidelines for the selection and design of the various techniques available for embankment construction on soft soils. Embankment construction is placed in an overall highway engineering context and the constraints experienced when building embankments in these conditions are then discussed. Site appraisal and design techniques are considered in order to determine which construction method is most suitable. A general review of each of the methods is made, including a discussion on their use, applicability and appropriate design methods. The requirements for additional soils information or instrumentation during construction has also been addressed. The use of the design procedures is illustrated using an hypothetical example.<br/

Polyhedron graphs for displaying multivariate data

AbstractThis paper presents a new multivariate graphical technique called polyhedron graphs (P-graphs). Polyhedra are used to display multivariate data in a way that is especially useful for graphing multiple response variables against multiple independent variables. The geometric structure of polyhedra affords simple construction and ease of interpretation. Several example are presented

The economics of religious participation A cross-country study

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:3597.98088(9709) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Identification of carbamylated alpha 1 anti-trypsin (A1AT) as an antigenic target of anti-CarP antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Transplantation and autoimmunit