A Historiometric Examination of Machiavellianism and a New Taxonomy of Leadership

Although researchers have extensively examined the relationship between charismatic leadership and Machiavellianism (Deluga, 2001; Gardner & Avolio, 1995; House & Howell, 1992), there has been a lack of investigation of Machiavellianism in relation to alternative forms of outstanding leadership. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between Machiavellianism and a new taxonomy of outstanding leadership comprised of charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders. Using an historiometric approach, raters assessed Machiavellianism via the communications of 120 outstanding leaders in organizations across the domains of business, political, military, and religious institutions. Academic biographies were used to assess twelve general performance measures as well as twelve general controls and five communication specific controls. The results indicated that differing levels of Machiavellianism is evidenced across the differing leader types as well as differing leader orientation. Additionally, Machiavellianism appears negatively related to performance, though less so when type and orientation are taken into account.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Bottom-nets as a new method for quantitatively sampling tadpole populations (Amphibia, Anura)

A new technique to reliably estimate true tadpole abundance in small ephemeral forest ponds based on a sample taken from a bottom net is presented. The bottom net is placed in the pond before it fills with water. At given intervals the bottom net is lifted through the water column and all tadpoles can be counted. Based on a series of calibrations, the technique showed significant correlations between estimated abundance of Osteocephalus taurinus Steindachner, 1862, Colostelhus marchesianus Melin, 1941, Phyllomedusa tomoptema Cope, 1868, and aeshnid larvae, and true abundances based on total counts

Rotational and intrinsic states above the K-pi=25/2(-), T-1/2=25 day isomer in Hf-179

Time-correlated, particle-tagged gamma spectroscopy of the stable nucleus Hf-179 was undertaken with incomplete fusion reactions initiated by beams of Be-9 and Li-7 incident on targets of Yb-176. Intrinsic and rotational states above the three-quasiparticle K-pi = 25/2(-), T-1/2 = 25 day isomer, Hf-179(m2), are reported. The rotational band based on Hf-179(m2) has g(K)-g(R) values that are consistent with the previously suggested nu 9/2(+) x pi(2)[7/2(+),9/2(-)] configuration assignment. A value of g(R) = 0.34(5) was derived for the collective g factor of Hf-179(m2), which is considerably higher than that found for the 9/2(+) ground state. The difference is consistent with a reduction of the proton pairing strength due to blocking in the K-pi = 25/2(-)nu x pi(2) configuration. A number of nu(3)pi(2) five-quasiparticle configurations were identified, the highest of which is an yrast K-pi = 43/2+, T1/2 = 15(5) mu s isomer. It decays to an yrast K-pi = 39/2(-) state, which in turn decays to a rotational band based on a K-pi = 33/2(-) state. The K pi = 33/2(-) state decays to the rotational band associated with Hf-179(m2) Semiempirical calculations reproduce the excitation energies of the three- and five-quasiparticle states above Hf-179(m2) to within similar to 200 keV. The calculations predict that the lowest seven-quasiparticle state will arise from a nu(5)pi(2) configuration with K-pi = 47/2(-), which is just beyond the maximum spin accessible with the reactions employed here

Characterization of Statin Dose Response in Electronic Medical Records

Efforts to define the genetic architecture underlying variable statin response have met with limited success, possibly because previous studies were limited to effect based on a single dose. We leveraged electronic medical records (EMRs) to extract potency (ED50) and efficacy (Emax) of statin dose-response curves and tested them for association with 144 preselected variants. Two large biobanks were used to construct dose-response curves for 2,026 and 2,252 subjects on simvastatin and atorvastatin, respectively. Atorvastatin was more efficacious, was more potent, and demonstrated less interindividual variability than simvastatin. A pharmacodynamic variant emerging from randomized trials (PRDM16) was associated with Emax for both. For atorvastatin, Emax was 51.7 mg/dl in subjects homozygous for the minor allele vs. 75.0 mg/dl for those homozygous for the major allele. We also identified several loci associated with ED50. The extraction of rigorously defined traits from EMRs for pharmacogenetic studies represents a promising approach to further understand the genetic factors contributing to drug response