Rapid International Expansion Strategy of Emerging Market Enterprises: The Interplay between Speed and Competitive Risks on International performance

Firms that internationalize relatively late may pursue rapid internationalization by entering multiple markets simultaneously to reach global scale faster and to capture early mover advantages. These trends run counter to the theory of incremental internationalization. With data on Korean firms' early international expansion experiences, we found evidence that a rapid international expansion strategy enhances firm performance in industries where globalization pressures are high, by firms with less lead-time of their home-country rivals, and in countries where they could be early movers.incremental internationalization, rapid international expansion strategy, emerging markets, foreign subsidiary survival, foreign direct investment

FDI and Technology Spillovers in China

Using a database of Chinese firms, we examine the effects of technology spillovers not only between foreign entrants and local firms but also between "modernized" local firms to other local firms. Our results show that the increased presence of foreign multinationals within industries and in their upstream sectors positively affected the productivity of local firms. The positive intra-industry spillover effect from wholly owned subsidiaries becomes evident when the Chinese government's restriction on foreign ownership was lifted. We also find strong spillover effects among local firms.foreign direct investment, spillover effects, China

Market-Driven Management and Intangible Assets in Global Television Set Manufacturers

The television set industry is a global sector where the most competitive companies are market-driven. Their competitive advantage is based not only on their ability to innovate products but also on their capability to develop and strengthen intangible assets, such as corporate culture, brand image and relationships between organisations.Television set industry, Market Driven Management, Competitiveness, Intangible Assets DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.4468/2010.2.07silvestrelli

NDH Expression Marks Major Transitions in Plant Evolution and Reveals Coordinate Intracellular Gene Loss

Key innovations have facilitated novel niche utilization, such as the movement of the algal predecessors of land plants into terrestrial habitats where drastic fluctuations in light intensity, ultraviolet radiation and water limitation required a number of adaptations. The NDH (NADH dehydrogenase-like) complex of Viridiplantae plastids participates in adapting the photosynthetic response to environmental stress, suggesting its involvement in the transition to terrestrial habitats. Although relatively rare, the loss or pseudogenization of plastid NDH genes is widely distributed across diverse lineages of photoautotrophic seed plants and mutants/transgenics lacking NDH function demonstrate little difference from wild type under non-stressed conditions. This study analyzes large transcriptomic and genomic datasets to evaluate the persistence and loss of NDH expression across plants. Results: Nuclear expression profiles showed accretion of the NDH gene complement at key transitions in land plant evolution, such as the transition to land and at the base of the angiosperm lineage. While detection of transcripts for a selection of non-NDH, photosynthesis related proteins was independent of the state of NDH, coordinate, lineage-specific loss of plastid NDH genes and expression of nuclear-encoded NDH subunits was documented in Pinaceae, gnetophytes, Orchidaceae and Geraniales confirming the independent and complete loss of NDH in these diverse seed plant taxa. Conclusion: The broad phylogenetic distribution of NDH loss and the subtle phenotypes of mutants suggest that the NDH complex is of limited biological significance in contemporary plants. While NDH activity appears dispensable under favorable conditions, there were likely sufficiently frequent episodes of abiotic stress affecting terrestrial habitats to allow the retention of NDH activity. These findings reveal genetic factors influencing plant/environment interactions in a changing climate through 450 million years of land plant evolution.National Science Foundation IOS-1027259Innovative Translational Agricultural Research Administrative OfficeIntegrative Biolog

A knowledge-based perspective on corporate growth: Entry, exit, and economic performance during 1981-1989

Understanding the process by which a firm grows over time is the first step in advancing the field of corporate strategy. The main objective of this study is to propose a general theoretical framework to facilitate an understanding of the firms\u27 evolution. After reviewing several traditions in the theory of the firm and organizational learning, we propose a new perspective of a firm which views a firm as an accumulation of knowledge. A firm in our theoretical framework is engaged in continuous search and selection activities in order to improve its knowledge base and thereby improve its performance. This general framework is applied to the context of corporate growth. Entry and exit activities are understood as search and selection undertaken by the firm to improve its performance. One of the compelling features of this framework is that the firm is an entity which performs experiments to develop its knowledge base. For instance, a firm may initiate several diversification experiments over time to stockpile a knowledge base. Based upon this learning, it can accumulate the capability to select the best diversification opportunities and the appropriate model of entry over time. Such experimentation is accompanied by application of existing knowledge base. This study is very empirical in nature. This study traces all entry and exit activity during 1981-89 of virtually all publicly traded manufacturing firms in the United States. We found strong supports for most of our hypotheses. We found that poor performance may lead to exit but not necessarily incur new entry. Applicability of the firm\u27s knowledge base seems to play a very important role in predicting which business to enter or exit. Firms are more likely to enter businesses of similar human resource profiles and more likely to divest lines of business of different profiles. Also, firms are generally divesting businesses of small market share and small sized business. Corporate level analysis shows that such entry and exit contribute to improve the profitability of a firm. However, firms which continue divesting newly entered business have depressed their profitability due to repeated mistakes in experimentation

Sony VS Samsung Strategi Perang Memperebutkan Supremasi Global

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