Court-Ordered Criminal Restitution in Washington

This survey is an overview of court-ordered restitution in Washington. It reconciles the case law interpreting the restitution statutes currently in effect in Washington. It compares and contrasts the statutes. Finally, it is an effort to identify areas of the law that need additional judicial or legislative clarification

Extending Legal Malpractice Liability to Nonclients—The Washington Supreme Court Considers the Privity Requirement—Bowman v. John Doe Two, 104 Wn. 2d 181, 704 P.2d 140 (1985)

In Bowman v. John Doe Two, the Washington Supreme Court considered whether an attorney owes a duty of reasonable care to a third party in the absence of privity of contract. The attorney in Bowman represented a seventeen-year-old boy in juvenile court against charges brought by his mother. The boy\u27s mother subsequently sued the attorney for acts of professional negligence that allegedly resulted in injury to the parent-child relationship. The court in Bowman held that the attorney owed no duty to the parent. However, dicta in the opinion indicates that the privity requirement may soon be relaxed in Washington. The court suggested that in the future, an attorney\u27s duty to third parties in Washington may arise under one of two tests: a multi-criteria balancing test, or a third-party beneficiary test

Folk Songs, Youth, and Propaganda: Music of the Third Reich

As the world watched the rise of a new political power in Central Europe, the German youth perceived a new, exciting movement sweep through their backyard. The Third Reich gained control over Germany through the planning and organization of Hitler and his Nazis. Hitler sought to construct his pure society, accomplished through the orzanization of the sovernment and the National Socialist German Workers\u27 Party b . b (NSDAP). While their nation made drastic shifts politically, the rich history of German art music and folk music played into the changes during the rise of the Nazi party. German culture was formed in part through a deep history of folk music within their society and Hitler was meticulous about the music he personally promoted within the Third Reich. It was this combination that resulted in the use of art music and folk music as propaganda for Nazi Germany

Analysis of Farmland Rental Markets in South Dakota

Leasing of farmland has existed in one form or another at least since feudal times. It has been extensively used in the United States since the post Civi1 War era. Tenant farmers or sharecroppers were once considered a lower socio-economic class subject to exploitation by powerful landowners. More recently, farmland rental has been considered the first rung on the tenure ladder , used extensively by landless persons attempting to become farm operators. This tenure ladder led eventually to full ownership and operation of farmland. The primary objective of this research effort is to reveal some of the major characteristics of farmland rental agreements and the farmland rental market in South Dakota. Specific objectives are to: 1. Examine the structural characteristics of the farmland rental market in South Dakota, including the characteristics of landlords and tenants. 2. Examine the relationship of characteristics of farmland rental market participants to rental agreement terms. 3. Test for significant differences in lease terms by region and by cropping pattern in South Dakota. 4. Examine the ability of the farmland rental market to respond to sport term changes in uncertainty and financial conditions and the types of adjustments that are occurring. 5. Examine terms of rental agreements: a) for presence of conditions for efficient use of resources, and b) to determine if rental agreements distribute costs and returns approximately as output is shared

American Literatures Prior to 1865

This work was created as part of the University Libraries’ Open Educational Resources Initiative at the University of Missouri–St. Louis. A web version of this text can be found at https://umsystem.pressbooks.pub/alpt1865/. This anthology of American Literatures Prior to 1865, is organized chronologically into four units, focusing on Colonial Literature, Literature of Native American Perspectives and Discovery, Literature of Nineteenth Century Reform, and Literature of the New Nation. It includes introductions to the many authors included to enhance the reader\u27s contextual understanding of the chosen texts. This anthology is essential reading for any student or scholar of Early American literature

A CBCT Study of Pharyngeal Airway Changes Due to Fixed Functional Appliances

Introduction: The purpose of this retrospective study, using head and neck Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images, was to measure and compare volumetric, area, and linear changes of the pharyngeal airway space in patients treated with a MARA or Herbst Class II correction appliances. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients treated with a MARA (mean age 13.2), nine with a Herbst (mean age 12.12) , and a control group twenty-five orthodontically treated class I patients (mean age 13.11). T1 and T2 CBCT images were measured and compared between the three groups for area, length, and width measurements along the velo-, oro-, and hypopharyngeal airway as well as the overall volume. Results: The ANCOVA showed a significant decrease in the change of B length in the MARA and Herbst groups compared to the control group (P=.003). An additional ANCOVA taking gender, expansion, skeletal and dental classifications into account showed no significant changes in all the measurements in the treatment and control groups. Conclusions: The MARA and Herbst appliance did not show any significant changes in the overall volume, areas, or linear measurements along the pharyngeal airway