Wives of alcoholics: Precipitating factors presented in a Family Service Agency

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Planting the Seeds of Cross-Disciplinary Teaching & Assessment

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Spatial and depth‐dependent variations in magma volume addition and addition rates to continental arcs: Application to global CO_2 fluxes since 750 Ma

Magma transfer from the mantle to the crust in arcs is an important step in the global cycling of elements and volatiles from Earth's interior to the atmosphere. Arc intrusive rocks dominate the total magma mass budget over extrusive rocks. However, their total volume and rate of addition is still poorly constrained, especially in continental arcs. We present lateral (forearc to backarc) and depth‐dependent (volcanics to deep crust) magma volume additions and arc‐wide magma addition rates (MARs) calculated from three continental arc crustal sections preserving magma flare‐up periods. We observe an increase in volume addition with depth and less magma added in the forearc (~15%) and backarc (~10% to 30%) compared to the main arc. Crustal‐wide MARs for each section are remarkably similar and around 0.7–0.9 km^3/km^2/Ma. MARs can be used to estimate CO_2 fluxes from continental arcs. With initial magma CO_2 contents of 1.5 wt.%, global continental arc lengths, and MARs, we calculate changes in C (Mt/year) released from continental arcs since 750 Ma. Calculated present‐day global C fluxes are similar to values constrained by other methods. Throughout the Phanerozoic, assuming equal durations of flare‐up and lull magmatism, calculated continental CO_2 flux rates vary between 4 and 18 Mt C/year with highest values in the Mesozoic. These fluxes are considered minima since the intake of mantle and/or crustal carbon is not considered. Magmatic episodicity in continental arcs and changes in arc thickness and width are critical to consider when calculating MARs through time

Spatiotemporally heterogeneous deformation, indirect tectonomagmatic links, and lithospheric evolution during orogenic activity coeval with an arc flare-up

Broad overlap between deformation and magmatism in active margins has spurred the development of a conceptual framework of direct tectonomagmatic links in both active and ancient arcs. Although widespread and highly influential, such models have only rarely been critically evaluated. Rigorously linking tectonism, geodynamics, lithospheric evolution, and arc activity requires detailed reconstructions of the spatiotemporal patterns of magmatism and deformation across both a sufficiently wide area and a range of observational scales. Herein, new constraints on the timing, extent, and characteristics of deformation during mid-Cretaceous tectonism in the central Sierra Nevada (eastern California, USA) are synthesized with published geologic mapping, structural studies, and geochronology to create an updated reconstruction of one of the type examples of a hot, magma-rich orogen. Tilted strata, tectonic fabrics, and shear zones with variable geometries, kinematics, intensity, and timing reveal a significantly revised record of ~25 m.y. of heterogeneous deformation ca. 105–80 Ma. Deformation and magmatism show distinct and unrelated spatiotemporal patterns throughout this orogenic episode. Contrary to previous models of direct tectonomagmatic links, many of which were developed in the central Sierra Nevada, arc activity did not control the location, intensity, or kinematics of intra-arc deformation, nor did shear zones control the location of magmatism. Furthermore, arc lithosphere appears to have strengthened, rather than weakened, as the arc-orogenic flare-up proceeded. In addition to changing plate-scale boundary conditions, lithospheric-scale rheological evolution likely played a key role in the patterns of Late Cretaceous deformation observed across strike of the entire Cordilleran margin

LiDAR mapping of tidal marshes for ecogeomorphological modelling in the TIDE project

The European research project TIDE (Tidal Inlets Dynamics and Environment) is developing and validating coupled models describing the morphological, biological and ecological evolution of tidal environments. The interactions between the physical and biological processes occurring in these regions requires that the system be studied as a whole rather than as separate parts. Extensive use of remote sensing including LiDAR is being made to provide validation data for the modelling. This paper describes the different uses of LiDAR within the project and their relevance to the TIDE science objectives. LiDAR data have been acquired from three different environments, the Venice Lagoon in Italy, Morecambe Bay in England, and the Eden estuary in Scotland. LiDAR accuracy at each site has been evaluated using ground reference data acquired with differential GPS. A semi-automatic technique has been developed to extract tidal channel networks from LiDAR data either used alone or fused with aerial photography. While the resulting networks may require some correction, the procedure does allow network extraction over large areas using objective criteria and reduces fieldwork requirements. The networks extracted may subsequently be used in geomorphological analyses, for example to describe the drainage patterns induced by networks and to examine the rate of change of networks. Estimation of the heights of the low and sparse vegetation on marshes is being investigated by analysis of the statistical distribution of the measured LiDAR heights. Species having different mean heights may be separated using the first-order moments of the height distribution

Historical data and modern methods reveal insights in measles epidemiology: a retrospective closed cohort study

OBJECTIVES Measles was endemic in England during the early 1800s; however, it did not arrive in Australia until 1850 whereas other infectious diseases were known to have arrived much earlier-many with the First Fleet in 1788-leading to the question of why there was a difference. DESIGN Ships surgeons' logbooks from historical archives, 1829-1882, were retrospectively reviewed for measles outbreak data. Infectious disease modelling techniques were applied to determine whether ships would reach Australia with infectious measles cases. SETTING Historical ship surgeon logbooks of measles outbreaks occurring on journeys from Britain to Australia were examined to provide new insights into measles epidemiology. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Serial intervals and basic reproduction numbers (R(0)), immunity, outbreak generations, age-distribution, within-family transmission and outbreak lengths for measles within these closed cohorts. RESULTS Five measles outbreaks were identified (163 cases). The mean serial interval (101 cases) was 12.3 days (95% CI 12.1 to 12.5). Measles R(0) (95 cases) ranged from 7.7-10.9. Immunity to measles was lowest among children ≤10 years old (range 37-42%), whereas 94-97% of adults appeared immune. Outbreaks ranged from 4-6 generations and, before 1850, were 41 and 38 days in duration. Two outbreaks after 1850 lasted longer than 70 days and one lasted 32 days. CONCLUSIONS Measles syndrome reporting in a ship surgeon's logs provided remarkable detail on prevaccination measles epidemiology in the closed environment of ship voyages. This study found lower measles R(0) and a shorter mean clinical serial interval than is generally reported. Archival ship surgeon log books indicate it was unlikely that measles was introduced into Australia before 1850, owing to high levels of pre-existing immunity in ship passengers, low numbers of travelling children and the journey's length from England to Australia.g BP was supported by a Master of Applied Epidemiology scholarship from the Australian Government and a Hunter Medical Research Institute Research Fellowshi

Magmatically folded and faulted schlieren zones formed by magma avalanching in the Sonora Pass Intrusive Suite, Sierra Nevada, California

The southwestern margin of the Late Cretaceous Sonora Pass Intrusive Suite, northern Sierra Nevada, California (USA), preserves a densely populated zone of magmatic structures that record dynamic magmatic layer formation and deformation (faulting and folding) within a solidifying upper-crustal magma mush. This zone consists largely of coupled melanocratic (or schlieren) and leucocratic bands hosted within the 95.6 ± 1.5 Ma Kinney Lakes granodiorite (Leopold, 2016), with orientations approximately parallel to the intrusive margin and with inward younging directions. Schlieren consist of a high modal abundance of medium-grained ferromagnesian minerals (hornblende + biotite), zircon, sphene, apatite, opaque minerals, and minor plagioclase and interstitial quartz. Leucocratic bands are dominated by coarse-grained feldspar + quartz with minor ferromagnesian and accessory minerals. Whole-rock geochemical and Sr and Nd isotopic data indicate that the schlieren are derived from the Kinney Lakes granodiorite by effective mechanical separation of mafic minerals and accessory phases. We interpret that the schlieren zone at the margin of the Kinney Lakes granodiorite formed by large-scale collapse of crystal mush by “magma avalanching,” facilitated by gravity, local convection, and possibly by host-rock stoping at the margin. This process eroded a significant portion of the solidifying margin of the chamber and resulted in the formation of magmatically deformed layered structures, which experienced further mingling, re-intrusion, magmatic erosion, and recycling processes. We envisage that magma avalanching of magma mushes in plutons can be achieved by any unstable process (e.g., tectonic, fluid-assisted, stoping, or gravity-driven) in large, longlived magma-mush chambers.Fil: Alasino, Pablo Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Secretaría de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Ardill, K.. University of Southern California; Estados UnidosFil: Stanback, J.. University of Southern California; Estados UnidosFil: Paterson, Scott Robert. University of Southern California; Estados UnidosFil: Galindo, C.. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Leopold, M.. San Juan College; Estados Unidos. School of Science, Math, and Engineering; Estados Unido

Symmetry reduction and shape effects in concave chiral plasmonic structures

Chiral metamaterials have shown a number of interesting properties which result from the interaction of the chiral near-field they produce with light and matter. We investigate the influence of structural imperfections on the plasmonic properties of a chiral gold “gammadion”, using electron energy loss spectroscopy to directly inform simulations of realistic, imperfect structures. Unlike structures of simple convex geometry, the lowest energy modes of the ideal concave gammadion have a quadrupole and dipole character, with the mode energies determined by the nature of electrostatic coupling between the gammadion arms. These modes are strongly affected by structural imperfections that are inherent to the material properties and lithographic patterning. Even subwavelength-scale imperfections reduce the symmetry, lift mode degeneracies convert dark modes into bright ones and significantly alter the mode energy, its near-field strength, and chirality. Such effects will be common to a number of multitipped concave structures currently being investigated for the chiral fields they support

Flexible access to conformationally-locked bicyclic morpholines

A preparatively accessible route to a series of conformationally-locked bicyclic morpholines has been developed. This flexible approach allows for diversification in order for a small array of lead-like scaffolds to be synthesised from readily available key building blocks

Evidence that implementation intentions reduce drivers' use of mobile phones while driving

Implementation intentions are IF-THEN plans that have the potential to reduce mobile phone use while driving and thus contribute towards the prevention of road traffic crashes. We tested whether an intervention, designed to promote the formation of implementation intentions, could reduce drivers’ use of mobile phones. A randomized controlled design was used. The participants (N = 136) were randomised to an implementation or a control condition. Self-report questionnaires were administered to all participants at both pre- and one-month post-intervention to measure the use of mobile phones while driving, goal intentions and the theoretically derived motivational pre-cursors of goal intentions (attitudes, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control). Immediately following the pre-intervention questionnaire, the participants in the implementation intention condition (n = 67) were given a volitional help sheet, which asked them to form implementation intentions by specifying target driving situations that tempted them the most to use a mobile phone and linking them with goal-directed responses that could be used to resist the temptation. The participants in the control condition (n = 69) were asked to specify target situations that tempted them the most to use a mobile phone while driving and to generally try to avoid using a mobile phone in those situations. One-month post-intervention, the participants in the implementation intention condition reported using a mobile phone less often while driving in their specified target driving situations than did the participants in the control condition. As expected, no differences were found between the conditions in the reported frequency of mobile phone use in unspecified driving situations, goal intentions or any motivational pre-cursor of goal intentions. The implementation intention intervention that was tested in this study is a potentially effective tool for reducing mobile phone use while driving in target driving situations where behaviour-change is most needed