The effects of seeding method and early mowing management on plant diversity and community composition in new tallgrass prairie reconstructions

http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4155799

Toleration by Victimized Coffeeshops in Amsterdam

Dutch coffeeshops are quasi-illegal. Their sale of cannabis is de jure prohibited but de facto permitted. In this sense, their criminal acts are tolerated. Less often explored, and less well understood, is that coffeeshops also tolerate crimes against them. “Doing nothing” is a common way to manage drug market conflict. Why and how does it occur? Research has not focused on that question. In this article, we use the opportunity and rationality perspectives to analyze qualitative data obtained during interviews with 50 personnel of coffeeshops in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. After presenting our findings, we discuss their similarities to, and divergences from, what is known about toleration among fully-illegal dealers

Toleration by Victimized Coffeeshops in Amsterdam

Dutch coffeeshops are quasi-illegal. Their sale of cannabis is de jure prohibited but de facto permitted. In this sense, their criminal acts are tolerated. Less often explored, and less well understood, is that coffeeshops also tolerate crimes against them. “Doing nothing” is a common way to manage conflict. Why and how does it occur? In this article, we use the opportunity and rationality perspectives to analyze qualitative data obtained during interviews with 50 personnel of coffeeshops in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. After presenting our findings, we discuss their general implications for tolerant, and intolerant, ways to manage conflict

Amsterdam Coffeeshops, Victimization, and Police Mobilization

Police mobilization is a first step in the judicial process and an important source of information on offending. Whether victims mobilize police is affected by their assessment of its utility. Victims who are criminals, such as drug dealers, are known to face a different cost-benefit scenario than law-abiding persons. Dutch ‘coffeeshops’ are a unique type of dealer. They operate in a grey area, allowed by the government to sell a prohibited drug, cannabis, so long as they comply with a set of regulations. Little is known about their mobilization of police in response to victimization, including how it is affected by the rules governing their business. We explore this issue with qualitative data collected from personnel of 50 coffeeshops in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We analyze how they think about the potential benefits and costs of asking the police for help post victimization. In many ways, their thought process is similar to that of most any victim, but they also consider the potential negative ramifications of inviting police to their door. We conclude by discussing the implications for future research, regulation and drug control broadly, and coffeeshops specifically

TRIP13 is a protein-remodeling AAA+ ATPase that catalyzes MAD2 conformation switching.

The AAA+ family ATPase TRIP13 is a key regulator of meiotic recombination and the spindle assembly checkpoint, acting on signaling proteins of the conserved HORMA domain family. Here we present the structure of the Caenorhabditis elegans TRIP13 ortholog PCH-2, revealing a new family of AAA+ ATPase protein remodelers. PCH-2 possesses a substrate-recognition domain related to those of the protein remodelers NSF and p97, while its overall hexameric architecture and likely structural mechanism bear close similarities to the bacterial protein unfoldase ClpX. We find that TRIP13, aided by the adapter protein p31(comet), converts the HORMA-family spindle checkpoint protein MAD2 from a signaling-active 'closed' conformer to an inactive 'open' conformer. We propose that TRIP13 and p31(comet) collaborate to inactivate the spindle assembly checkpoint through MAD2 conformational conversion and disassembly of mitotic checkpoint complexes. A parallel HORMA protein disassembly activity likely underlies TRIP13's critical regulatory functions in meiotic chromosome structure and recombination

Pursuing Interpersonal Goals: Consequences for Interpersonal Conflict, Self-Relevant Affect, and Alcohol-Related Problems.

Three studies tested the effects of two interpersonal goals, self-image goals and compassionate goals, on hostility and conflict (Study 1), alcohol-related problems (Study 2), and self-relevant affect following goal progress and setbacks (Study 3). Self-image goals involve constructing and defending a positive self-image in the eyes of other people, whereas compassionate goals involve supporting others and contributing to something outside the self, thus reflecting two different motivational perspectives on the self. Using a longitudinal design (pretest assessments and 10 subsequent weekly surveys), Study 1 showed that chronic self-image goals, pursued by narcissistically entitled people, predict chronic relationship conflict and hostility. Chronic compassionate goals did not predict these same negative interpersonal outcomes. Study 2 showed that self-image goals, but not compassionate goals, are positively associated with alcohol-related problems. Subsequent cross-sectional path models showed that self-image goals relate to coping motives for drinking (drinking to reduce negative affect), but not enhancement motives (drinking to increase positive affect); coping motives then relate to heavy-episodic drinking, which in turn relate to alcohol-related problems. These results suggest a model of how self-image goals may translate into alcohol-related problems. Thus, given that self-image goals predict negative consequences and compassionate goals do not, Study 3 shifted focus to possible beneficial effects of compassionate goals. Specifically, and again using a longitudinal design (pretest assessments and 10 subsequent weekly surveys), Study 3 tested whether compassionate goals buffer negative emotional experience (i.e., shame) following goal setbacks in domains of contingent self-worth. Results showed that on weeks participants were high on compassionate goals relative to their own mean score, they were partially protected from experiencing shame. Taken together, these studies indicate that self-image goals to create desired self-images ultimately create interpersonal and intrapersonal problems; compassionate goals to support others do not create these same problems, and may instead offer some protection from consequences that arise from self-image concerns.Ph.D.PsychologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77930/1/smoeller_1.pd

Biased Social Perceptions of Knowledge: Implications for Negotiators' Rapport and Egocentrism

This study examines how people manage uncertain competitive social interactions. To achieve positive interaction outcomes, individuals may engage in a social perception process that leads them to believe they have obtained more information about others than these others gained about them. We investigate how asymmetric knowledge perceptions contribute to important aspects of negotiation, namely rapport building among strangers and egocentric beliefs about fairness of resource distribution. In Study 1, dyads completed measures of knowledge acquisition and partner evaluation after a rapport‐building exercise. Results showed that individuals believed they gained more information about their partner than vice versa; notably, the magnitude of this knowledge bias was associated with more positive partner evaluations. Study 2 showed that the magnitude of the knowledge bias predicted lower egocentrism in a commons dilemma task. Together, these results suggest knowledge asymmetries facilitate rapport among strangers and may have important implications for cooperation in competitive negotiation settings.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111124/1/ncmr12047.pd

Zolmitriptan and human aggression: interaction with alcohol

Abstract Rationale The serotonin 1 B/D (5-HT1 B/D ) receptor has shown potential as a target for decreasing aggression. The 5-HT1 B/D agonist zolmitriptan's ability to reduce aggressive behavior in humans and its interaction with the well-known aggression-enhancing drug alcohol were examined. Objectives Our objective was to investigate zolmitriptan's potential to modify human aggression in a laboratory paradigm across a range of alcohol doses. Alcohol has been consistently associated with aggression and violence, thus we hoped to expand current understanding of alcohol's role in aggressive behavior via manipulation of the serotonin (5-HT) system. Methods Eleven social drinkers, seven male, were recruited to participate in a research study lasting 3-4 weeks. Aggression was measured using the point-subtraction aggression paradigm (PSAP), a laboratory model widely used in human aggression studies. Subjects were administered 5-mg zolmitriptan and placebo capsules along with alcohol doses of 0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 g/kg in a within-subject, counterbalanced dosing design. Data were analyzed as the ratio of aggressive/monetary-earning responses, to account for possible changes in overall motor function due to alcohol. Results There was a significant alcohol by zolmitriptan interaction on the aggressive/monetary response ratio. Specifically, compared to placebo, zolmitriptan decreased the aggressive/monetary ratio at the 0.4-and 0.8-g/kg alcohol doses. Conclusions A 5-mg dose of zolmitriptan effectively reduced alcohol-related aggression in an acute dosing protocol, demonstrating an interaction of 5-HT and alcohol in human aggressive behavior