9,918 research outputs found
The COBE Normalization for Standard CDM
The COBE detection of CMB anisotropies provides the best way of fixing the
amplitude of fluctuations on the largest scales. This normalization is usually
given for an n=1 spectrum, including only the anisotropy caused by the Sachs-
Wolfe effect. This is certainly not a good approximation for a model containing
any reasonable amount of baryonic matter. In fact, even tilted S-W spectra are
not a good fit to models like CDM. Here we normalize standard CDM (sCDM) to the
2-year COBE data, and quote the best amplitude in terms of the conventionally
used measures of power. We also give normalizations for some specific variants
of this standard model, and we indicate how the normalization depends on the
assumed values of n, Omega_B and H_0. For sCDM we find =19.9\pm1.5uK,
corresponding to sigma_8=1.34\pm0.10, with the normalization at large scales
being B=(8.16\pm1.04)\times10^5 (Mpc/h)^4, and other numbers given in the
Table. The measured rms temperature fluctuation smoothed on 10deg is a little
low relative to this normalization. This is mainly due to the low quadrupole in
the data: when the quadrupole is removed, the measured value of sigma(10) is
quite consistent with the best-fitting . The use of should be preferred
over sigma(10), when its value can be determined for a particular theory, since
it makes full use of the data.Comment: 4 pages compressed uuencoded postscript. We have corrected an error
in our analysi
What do gas-rich galaxies actually tell us about modified Newtonian dynamics?
It has recently been claimed that measurements of the baryonic Tully-Fisher
relation (BTFR), a power-law relationship between the observed baryonic masses
and outer rotation velocities of galaxies, support the predictions of modified
Newtonian dynamics for the slope and scatter in the relation, while challenging
the cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm. We investigate these claims, and find
that: 1) the scatter in the data used to determine the BTFR is in conflict with
observational uncertainties on the data; 2) these data do not make strong
distinctions regarding the best-fit BTFR parameters; 3) the literature contains
a wide variety of measurements of the BTFR, many of which are discrepant with
the recent results; and 4) the claimed CDM "prediction" for the BTFR is a gross
oversimplification of the complex galaxy-scale physics involved. We conclude
that the BTFR is currently untrustworthy as a test of CDM.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; minor revisions to match published versio
Labeling and Identification of Direct Kinase Substrates
Identifying kinase substrates is an important step in mapping signal transduction pathways, but it remains a difficult and time-consuming process. Analog-sensitive (AS) kinases have been used to selectively tag and identify direct kinase substrates in lysates from whole cells. In this approach, a γ-thiol adenosine triphosphate analog and an AS kinase are used to selectively thiophosphorylate target proteins. Thiophosphate is used as a chemical handle to purify peptides from a tryptic digest, and target proteins are identified by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Here, we describe an updated strategy for labeling AS kinase substrates, solid-phase capture of thiophosphorylated peptides, incorporation of stable isotope labeling in cell culture for filtering nonspecific background peptides, enrichment of phosphorylated target peptides to identify low-abundance targets, and analysis by LC-MS/MS
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Indirect induction of radiation lymphomas in mice. Evidence for a novel, transmissible leukemogen.
The transmission of a lymphomagenic agent(s) from the bone marrow of irradiated mice to thymic target cells has been demonstrated by: (a) the induction of T cell lymphomas in nonirradiated thymic grafts implanted in irradiated, Thy-l-congenic mice, (b) the induction of T cell lymphomas of host origin in mice infused with bone marrow from irradiated, Thy-l-congenic donors. The latter procedure also yields an appreciable number of pre-B cell lymphomas of uncertain origin. The results confirm Kaplan's theory that radiation induces thymic lymphomas in mice by an indirect mechanism. However, the previously described radiation leukemia virus is clearly not involved in the majority of transferred lymphomas. We propose that the mediating agent in radiation lymphomagenesis is a novel, transmissible agent induced in the bone marrow, but exerting its transforming activity on cells in the thymus. The nature and mode of action of the agent are under investigation
What have we already learned from the CMB?
The COBE satellite, and the DMR experiment in particular, was extraordinarily
successful. However, the DMR results were announced about 7 years ago, during
which time a great deal more has been learned about anisotropies in the Cosmic
Microwave Background (CMB). The CMB experiments currently being designed and
built, including long-duration balloons, interferometers, and two space
missions, promise to address several fundamental cosmological issues. We
present our evaluation of what we already know, what we are beginning to learn
now, and what the future may bring.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures. Changes to match version accepted by PAS
Power spectrum normalization from the local abundance of rich clusters of galaxies
The number density of rich galaxy clusters still provides the most robust way
of normalizing the power spectrum of dark matter perturbations on scales
relevant to large-scale structure. We revisit this constraint in light of
several recent developments: (1) the availability of well-defined samples of
local clusters with relatively accurate X-ray temperatures; (2) new theoretical
mass functions for dark matter haloes which provide a good fit to large
numerical simulations; (3) more accurate mass-temperature relations from larger
catalogs of hydrodynamical simulations; (4) the requirement to consider closed
as well as open and flat cosmologies to obtain full multi-parameter likelihood
constraints for CMB and SNe studies. We present a new sample of clusters drawn
from the literature and use this sample to obtain improved results on sigma_8,
the normalization of the matter power spectrum on scales of 8 h^{-1} Mpc, as a
function of the matter density and cosmological constant in a Universe with
general curvature. We discuss our differences with previous work, and the
remaining major sources of uncertainty. Final results on the 68 per cent
confidence region, approximately independent of power spectrum shape, can be
expressed as constraints on sigma at an appropriate cluster normalization scale
R_Cl. We provide fitting formulas for R_Cl and sigma(R_Cl) for general
cosmologies, as well as for sigma_8 as a function of cosmology and shape
parameter Gamma. For flat models we find approximately sigma_8 \simeq
0.495^{+0.034}_{-0.037}) Omega_M^{-0.60} for Gamma=0.23, where the error bar is
dominated by uncertainty in the mass-temperature relation.Comment: 13 pages, minor changes in order to match the MNRAS published versio
Laboratory Spectra of CO2 Vibrational Modes in Planetary Ice Analogs
Laboratory spectra have shown that CO2 is a powerful diagnostic tool for analyzing infrared data from remote observations, as it has been detected on icy moons in the outer Solar System as well as dust grain surfaces in the interstellar medium (ISM). IR absorption band profiles of CO2 within ice mixtures containing H2O and CH3OH change with respect to temperature and mixture ratios. In this particular study, the CO2 asymmetric stretching mode near 4.3 m (2350 cm (exp-1)), overtone mode near 1.97 m (5080 cm (exp-1)), and the combination bands near 2.7 m (3700 cm (exp-1)), 2.8 m (3600 cm (exp-1)), and 2.02 m (4960 cm (exp -1)), are systematically observed in different mixtures with H2O and CH3OH in temperature ranges from 15K to 150 K. Additionally, some high-temperature deposits (T greater than 50 K) of H2O, CH3OH, and CO2 ice mixtures were performed. These data may then be used to interpret infrared observational data obtained from icy surfaces in the outer Solar System and beyond
Are SP91 and COBE Inconsistent with Cold Dark Matter?
We present results on the consistency of standard cold dark matter (CDM)
models with both the COBE normalization and the data from the 4th channel of
the 9-point South Pole scan. We find that CDM models are consistent with both
experiments, a conclusion which is at odds with some other analyses. This is
partly due to our careful treatment of the temperature autocorrelation
function, but also derives from a realization that the statistical conclusions
depend strongly on assumptions about the prior distribution for the
normalization .Comment: 8 pages in Plain TeX plus 2 PS figures; revisions consist of a
correction to the method of offset and gradient subtraction, changing the
numerical results by about 10\%; conclusions unchanged; CfPA-93-TH-2
A New View of Ridge Segmentation and Near-Axis Volcanism at the East Pacific Rise, 8˚–12˚N, from EM300 Multibeam Bathymetry
New, high-resolution bathymetry for the East Pacific Rise between 8ËšN and 12ËšN was collected over a6 km wide swath centered on the ridge axis using the 30 kHz Simrad EM300 multibeam system. Thecoverage area corresponds latitudinally to the designated Ridge2000 Integrated Studies Site (ISS) for fastspreading ridges. The EM300 data, gridded at 30 m latitude by 50 m longitude, represent a greater than 4Ximprovement in horizontal resolution over previously available multibeam data and a 2X improvement indepth resolution. The new bathymetry was used to update the locations and hierarchy of ridge offsets forthis area. Among the many applications for this data, it enables us to tabulate volcanoes half the size thatcould be previously detected. The distribution of near-axis volcanic cones \u3e25 m high suggests that thispopulation of small, near-axis cones results from low effusion rate eruptions of the ridge axis
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