Long (Standing) Digital Divisions: Women's IT Work in Canada

This article explores the concept of "digital divide" as it pertains to women's work in and with IT in Canada. While "digital divide" has some usefulness as an analytical concept for feminist scholars, the complex nature of IT-based work requires a broader and deeper understanding. Résumé Cet article explore le concept de la "division digitale" en ce qui a trait au travail des femmes dans et avec la technologie informatique au Canada. Quoique la "division digitale" ait quelqu’utilité en tant que concept analytique pour les érudites féministes, la nature complexe du travail basé sur la technologie informatique demande une com prehension plus élargie et plus approfondie

Perception Of Visual Speed While Moving

During self-motion, the world normally appears stationary. In part, this may be due to reductions in visual motion signals during self-motion. In 8 experiments, the authors used magnitude estimation to characterize changes in visual speed perception as a result of biomechanical self-motion alone (treadmill walking), physical translation alone (passive transport), and both biomechanical self-motion and physical translation together (walking). Their results show that each factor alone produces subtractive reductions in visual speed but that subtraction is greatest with both factors together, approximating the sum of the 2 separately. The similarity of results for biomechanical and passive self-motion support H. B. Barlow\u27s (1990) inhibition theory of sensory correlation as a mechanism for implementing H. Wallach\u27s (1987) compensation for self-motion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)(journal abstract

Expression patterns of a circadian clock gene are associated with age-related polyethism in harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recent advances in sociogenomics allow for comparative analyses of molecular mechanisms regulating the development of social behavior. In eusocial insects, one key aspect of their sociality, the division of labor, has received the most attention. Age-related polyethism, a derived form of division of labor in ants and bees where colony tasks are allocated among distinct behavioral phenotypes, has traditionally been assumed to be a product of convergent evolution. Previous work has shown that the circadian clock is associated with the development of behavior and division of labor in honeybee societies. We cloned the ortholog of the clock gene, <it>period</it>, from a harvester ant (<it>Pogonomyrmex occidentalis</it>) and examined circadian rhythms and daily activity patterns in a species that represents an evolutionary origin of eusociality independent of the honeybee.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using real time qPCR analyses, we determined that harvester ants have a daily cyclic expression of <it>period </it>and this rhythm is endogenous (free-running under dark-dark conditions). Cyclic expression of <it>period </it>is task-specific; foragers have strong daily fluctuations but nest workers inside the nest do not. These patterns correspond to differences in behavior as activity levels of foragers show a diurnal pattern while nest workers tend to exhibit continuous locomotor activity at lower levels. In addition, we found that foragers collected in the early fall (relative warm, long days) exhibit a delay in the nightly peak of <it>period </it>expression relative to foragers collected in the early spring (relative cold, short days).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The association of <it>period </it>mRNA expression levels with harvester ant task behaviors suggests that the development of circadian rhythms is associated with the behavioral development of ants. Thus, the circadian clock pathway may represent a conserved 'genetic toolkit' that has facilitated the parallel evolution of age-related polyethism and task allocation in social insects.</p

Searching for the Meaning of Youth Civic Engagement: Notes from the Field

This article reports on the early lessons from a multiphase, multimethod study of youth civic engagement. It uses insights from expert discussions along with a series of focus groups to explore how young adults approach politics, volunteerism, community, civic duty, and generational identity. The study finds many of the distinguishing characteristics of today\u27s youth to be subtle and nuanced, which poses unique challenges for qualitative research of the generation. The important implications of language are discussed in detail

Serotonin System Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Impulsivity in a Context Dependent Manner

Impulsivity is a risk factor for adverse outcomes and characterizes several psychiatric disorders and risk for suicide. There is strong evidence that genetic variation influences individual differences in impulsivity, but the details are not yet understood. There is growing interest in better understanding the context dependency of genetic effects that is reflected in studies examining gender specificity, gene × environment interaction and epistasis (gene-gene interaction). In a cross-sectional study we examined whether polymorphisms in six serotonin system candidate genes and the experience of early life trauma (age 0–12) were associated with individual differences in impulsivity in a nonclinical sample of Caucasian university students (N = 424). We specifically tested potential gender specific, gene-gene, and gene × environment (early life trauma) effects. In our main analyses with Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) total score, there were significant (i.e., p \u3c .01 and False Discovery Rate \u3c .10) interactions between (1) gender and TPH2 (rs1386483) genotype; (2) gender and HTR2A (rs6313) genotype; and epistatic interactions among (3) 5-HTTLPR and MAOA uVNTR; (4) 5-HTTLPR and rs6313 and (5) HTR1B (rs6296) and rs6313 genotypes. Our results strongly support the explicit investigation of context-dependent genetic effects on impulsivity and may help to resolve some of the conflicting reports in the literature

Historic Redlining and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the existing literature on the associations between historic redlining and modern-day health outcomes across the lifespan. Method: This review searched PubMed and CINAHL for peer-reviewed, data-based articles examining the relationship between historic redlining and any health outcome. Articles were appraised using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. The results were synthesized using a narrative summary approach. Results: Thirty-six articles were included and focused on various health outcomes, including cardiovascular outcomes, breast cancer incidence and mortality, firearm injury or death, birth-related outcomes, and asthma outcomes. Most of the included articles (n = 31; 86%) found significant associations between historic redlining and adverse health outcomes such as increased cardiovascular disease, higher rates of preterm births, increased cancer incidence, reduced survival time after breast cancer diagnosis, and increased firearm injury incidence. Discussion: This review demonstrates the persistent effect of historic redlining on individuals’ health. Public health nurses should recognize redlining as a form of structural racism when caring for affected communities and should advocate for policies and programs that advance health equity. Nurse researchers should develop and test multilevel interventions to address systemic racism and improve health outcomes in communities affected by redlining

“All the World’s a Stage” and Each Has a Role to Play: A Collaborative Cross-Unit Metadata Project in Five Acts

The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting shift to working from home proved a boon for digital collections. At Clemson University Libraries the metadata team facilitated a work-from-home project, during which 14 employees across two units described a collection of over 2400 photographs. From the standpoint of both the metadata reviewers and metadata creators, we will provide an overview of the project and workflows, including how training, communication, metadata creation, and quality control were managed remotely. This presentation reflects a balanced cross-unit perspective on what worked well and what could be improved for future virtual collaborative projects