The accuracy of the FitSense FS-1 speedometer for estimating distance, speed, and energy expenditure

The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of the FitSense FS-1 Speedometer for estimating distance, speed, and energy expenditure while walking and running at different speeds and grades. The study was divided into three experiments. Experiment I investigated the accuracy of the FitSense for estimating distance while walking and running at self-selected speeds during repeated 1600 m tests. Experiment II investigated the accuracy of the FitSense for estimating speed (vs. a handheld digital tachometer) and energy expenditure (vs. indirect calorimetry) during treadmill walking (3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 miles • hr-1) and running (5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 miles • hr-1) on a level grade. Experiment III investigated the accuracy of the FitSense for estimating energy expenditure (vs. indirect calorimetry) during treadmill walking with an increasing grade (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0%). Twenty-four subjects (15 male, 9 female) volunteered for Experiment I. A subset of 12 subjects (7 male, 5 female) also volunteered for Experiments II and III. For Experiment I, one-sample t-tests revealed no significant difference between actual distance and the distance estimated by the FitSense during the walking tests. A significant difference was found for distance while running (p = 0.016). During Experiment II, a significant difference was found for speed while walking on a level grade. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons found significant stage differences between 3.0 and 5.0 miles • hr-1 and 4.0 and 5.0 miles • hr-1. Paired t-tests found no significant differences between the estimated and measured speed for walking speeds of 3.0 and 4.0 miles • hr-1 or for running speeds of 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 miles • hr-1. A significant difference between measured and estimated speed was found while walking at 5.0 miles • hr-1 (p \u3c 0.001). A repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated significant differences for energy expenditure while walking on a level grade. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences between each stage while walking. Paired t-tests also found significant differences between measured and estimated energy expenditure while walking at 4.0 and 5.0 miles • hr-1,/sup\u3e. No significant differences were found for energy expenditure while running. In Experiment III, a significant difference was found for energy expenditure while walking with an increasing grade. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences between each grade. Paired t-tests also found significant differences between measured and estimated energy expenditure for each grade. In conclusion, the FitSense FS-1 Speedometer is an accurate tool for estimating distance while walking and running and for estimating speed while walking at 3.0 and 4.0 miles • hr-1 and running at 6.0 and 7.0 miles • hr-1 on a level grade. However, the FitSense underestimates energy expenditure while walking and running on a level grade and with an increasing grade

Living a Long Life is a Multi-Step Process

There is a strong link between physical activity and health. Historically, large-scale epidemiological studies have used self-report surveys to capture physical activity measures (eg, type and intensity). In the past 20–30 years, large cohort studies have increasingly adopted devices, such as pedometers, accelerometers, and consumer-marketed activity trackers, to measure physical activity. Device-based physical activity measures alleviate some limitations of self-reporting by increasing measurement objectivity and accuracy. Additionally, device-based measures often show stronger associations with health outcomes than do self-reported measures, showcasing their value in understanding how physical activity affects health. Unlike self-report, device-based measures can capture steps, which are easily understandable and can be effective for goal setting and motivation to increase physical activity levels. Moreover, steps can be used to assess both physical activity volume (eg, steps per day) and intensity (eg, steps per min)

Acute Beet Juice Supplementation Does Not Improve 30- or 60-second Maximal Intensity Performance in Anaerobically Trained Athletes

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(2): 60-75, 2021. Research suggests that beet juice is beneficial during aerobic exercise. However, the impact of beet juice during primarily anaerobic exercise is equivocal. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acute beet juice supplementation on maximal intensity performance during 30-s and 60-s maximal-intensity cycling sprints. Using a double-blind, crossover-study design, 14 anaerobically trained male hockey players completed six Wingate cycling tests: familiarization trials of a 30-s and 60-s Wingate test, followed by 30-s Wingate placebo/beet juice trials, and 60-s Wingate placebo/beet juice trials. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare the change in power between conditions over the duration of each trial. Paired t-tests were run to compare performance between conditions of various work and power variables. One-way ANOVAs were utilized to compare the change between conditions of the 30-s test to the change between conditions of the 60-s test. Beet juice supplementation yielded no statistical differences from placebo in any of the measured variables during the 30-s or 60-s tests (p \u3e 0.05). The percent change for fatigue index was significantly different between the 30-s and 60-s tests (p = 0.032) suggesting less fatigue with beet juice supplementation. Overall, beet juice did not improve maximal intensity performance during 30-s or 60-s cycling sprint tests. Performance during the 60-s bout was not impacted to a greater extent than the 30-s bout after beet juice supplementation. These results suggest that beet juice supplementation does not improve short-duration exercise performance in anaerobically trained athletes

2024 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities: An Update of Activity Codes and Energy Expenditure Values

Purpose: This paper presents an update of the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities designed for wheelchair users and is referred to as the 2024 Wheelchair Compendium. The Wheelchair Compendium aims to curate existing knowledge of the energy expenditure for wheelchair physical activities (PAs). Methods: A systematic review of the published energy expenditure of PA for wheelchair users was completed between 2011 and May 2023. We added these data to the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium data that was compiled previously in a systematic review through 2011. Results: A total of 47 studies were included, and 124 different wheelchair PA reported energy expenditure values ranging from 0.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users (filing papers, light effort) to 11.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users (Nordic sit skiing). Conclusion: In introducing the updated 2024 Wheelchair Compendium, we hope to bridge the resource gap and challenge the prevailing narratives that inadvertently exclude wheelchair users from physical fitness and health PAs

Walking for Health During Pregnancy: A Literature Review and Considerations for Future Research

Walking is the most commonly chosen type of physical activity (PA) during pregnancy and provides several health benefits to both mother and child. National initiatives have promoted the importance of walking in general, but little emphasis is directed toward pregnant women, the majority of whom are insufficiently active. Pregnant women face a variety of dynamic barriers to a physically active lifestyle, some of which are more commonly experienced during specific times throughout the pregnancy experience. Walking is unique in that it appears resistant to a number of these barriers that limit other types of PA participation, and it can be meaningfully integrated into some transportation and occupational activities when leisure-time options are unavailable. Preliminary intervention work suggests that walking programs can be effectively adopted into a typical pregnancy lifestyle. However, a great deal of work remains to administer successful pregnancy walking interventions, including developing and using validated methods of PA and walking assessment. This narrative review discusses the unique advantages of walking during pregnancy, provides recommendations for future intervention work, and outlines the need for pregnancy-focused community walking initiatives.Standard search procedures were followed to determine sources from the literature specific to walking during pregnancy for use in each section of this review

Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities: Energy Costs of Human Activities in Adults Aged 60 and Older

Purpose: To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults ≥60 years (OA Compendium). Methods: Physical activities (PAs) and their metabolic equivalent of task (MET) values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases (PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus (EBSCOhost), and Scopus) and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older adults. MET values were computed as the oxygen cost (VO2, mL/kg/min) during PA divided by 2.7 mL/kg/min (MET60+) to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older adults. Results: We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 PAs. From these, we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET60+ values for older adults. We developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET60+ values: https://pacompendium.com. Conclusion: The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults ≥60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older adults. It is an accessible resource that will allow researchers, educators, and practitioners to find MET60+ values for older adults for use in PA research and practice

Directive versus empowering leadership: A field experiment comparing impacts on task proficiency and proactivity

Using a field experiment in the United Arab Emirates, we compared the impacts of directive and empowering leadership on customer-rated core task proficiency and proactive behaviors. Results of tests for main effects demonstrated that both directive and empowering leadership increased work unit core task proficiency, but only empowering leadership increased proactive behaviors. Examination of boundary conditions revealed that directive leadership enhanced proactive behaviors for work units that were highly satisfied with their leaders, whereas empowering leadership had stronger effects on both core task proficiency and proactive behaviors for work units that were less satisfied with their leaders. We discuss implications for both theory and practice. © Academy of Management Journal

ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

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