Daylighting Contribution for Energy Saving in a Historical Building

AbstractThe purpose of this study is assessing the reliability of the software DIALux 4.12 for daylighting design, comparing experimental data with simulation results; the comparison was performed for an office.The daylight illuminance distribution inside the room, the external zenith luminance and the external horizontal diffuse illuminance were measured during the weeks from January 19th to February 20th; the data gathered were further reduced to match conditions related to the CIE sky type #12 (CIE Standard Clear Sky, low luminance turbidity) and finally the comparison was carried in terms of daylight illuminance distribution and relative percentage error

Low-cost smart solutions for daylight and electric lighting integration in historical buildings

Research have shown that the correct integration of daylight and electric lighting reduces the energy use in buildings, while improving visual comfort. Smart shading systems, especially those electrically controlled, play an important role to control solar radiation. Similarly, smart and dimmable/tunable lighting can help to adjust the artificial light to the real users' needs. This paper presents preliminary results of an ongoing living lab study investigating how artificial lighting systems can be integrated with shading systems, placing human comfort at the heart of the study and yet saving energy. A manually controlled, commercial and low-cost smart system integrating two motorized shading devices and six dimmable LED luminaires with a different selection of CCT were installed in a private office in a historical building. Indoor and outdoor lighting conditions and energy consumption associated to the lighting system are constantly monitored to assess how the people use shading and lighting upon varying the boundary conditions.. Preliminary results highlight that users prefer to maximise daylight on the work plane as well as they generally use both shading and electric lighting systems in response to boundary conditions that cause serious discomfort

Energy Performances of Tensile Material in Building Renovation in the Nordic Region

Tensile materials are increasingly used in the building envelope as second-skin systems, despite a lack of investigation on their effects. In this work, a second-skin system integrating a tensile material as an outer layer has been adopted in the retrofit analysis of two of the most common building typologies in the Norwegian context. The simulations were carried out by implementing a custom control logic for the system, considering the outdoor air temperature and the global vertical irradiation on the façades. The proposed retrofit solution allowed for a primary energy saving of about 35%.publishedVersio

DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF A SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM INCLUDING A SEASONAL STORAGE SERVING A SMALL ITALIAN RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT

A centralized solar hybrid heating and cooling system satisfying the thermal, cooling and sanitary water demands of a typical Italian small district composed of six residential buildings situated in Naples (southern Italy) is modelled, simulated and analysed through the software TRNSYS over a period of 5 years. The plant is based on the operation of solar thermal collectors coupled with seasonal borehole storage; the solar field is also composed of photovoltaic solar panels connected with electric energy storage. An adsorption chiller powered by solar energy is adopted for cooling purposes, while a condensing boiler is used as an auxiliary unit. The performance of the proposed system has been assessed from energy, environmental and economic points of view and contrasted with the operation of a typical Italian heating and cooling plant, highlighting the following main results: saving of primary energy consumption up to 40.2%; (decrease of equivalent CO2 emissions up to 38.4%; reduction of operating costs up to 40.1%; and simple pay-back period of about 20 years

Performance assessment and energy saving measures for outdoor lighting in an industrial district applilcation

This paper presents a methodology to assess the performance of an outdoor lighting system in an industrial district through an on-site audit and the subsequent definition of specific Performances Indices. The methodology aims to focus on outdoor area illumination in order to assess the current status of the lighting system and subsequently propose how to optimize the energy efficiency, costs as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). The results relating to 11 outdoor areas of industrial districts were analysed and presented, focusing on the exterior lighting and comparing their performances. In this perspective, the external lighting system of an industrial district can be regarded as a potential “demonstrator” upon which a numerical/experimental methodology will be developed so as to evaluate the performance of a lighting system from the point of view of its energetic and environmental impact. Finally, appropriate energy efficiency measures are proposed

Chapter Il Jardines El Capricho a Madrid. Dall’analisi delle fonti d’archivio al rilievo fotogrammetrico

The 43rd UID conference, held in Genova, takes up the theme of ‘Dialogues’ as practice and debate on many fundamental topics in our social life, especially in these complex and not yet resolved times. The city of Genova offers the opportunity to ponder on the value of comparison and on the possibilities for the community, naturally focused on the aspects that concern us, as professors, researchers, disseminators of knowledge, or on all the possibile meanings of the discipline of representation and its dialogue with ‘others’, which we have broadly catalogued in three macro areas: History, Semiotics, Science / Technology. Therefore, “dialogue” as a profitable exchange based on a common language, without which it is impossible to comprehend and understand one another; and the graphic sign that connotes the conference is the precise transcription of this concept: the title ‘translated’ into signs, derived from the visual alphabet designed for the visual identity of the UID since 2017. There are many topics which refer to three macro sessions: - Witnessing (signs and history) - Communicating (signs and semiotics) - Experimenting (signs and sciences) Thanks to the different points of view, an exceptional resource of our disciplinary area, we want to try to outline the prevailing theoretical-operational synergies, the collaborative lines of an instrumental nature, the recent updates of the repertoires of images that attest and nourish the relations among representation, history, semiotics, sciences

Virtual reality for smart urban lighting design: Review, applications and opportunities

More and more cities are evolving into smart cities, increasing their attractiveness, energy efficiency, and users satisfaction. Lighting systems play an important role in the evolution process, thanks to their ability to affect city life at night along with people s mood and behaviour. In this scenario, advanced lighting design methods such as virtual reality (VR) became essential to assess lighting systems from different points of view, especially those linked with the city users expectations. Initially, the review highlights a list of objective and subjective parameters to be considered for the lighting design of three main city areas/applications: roads, green areas and buildings. Besides, the state-of-Art in using VR for outdoor lighting design is established. Finally, the Unreal game engine is used to analyse the ability of VR to take into account the lighting parameters, not yet investigated in current literature and to highlight the VR potential for augmenting lighting design. The results confirm the benefit of using VR in lighting design, even if further investigations are needed to establish its reliability, especially from the photometrical point of view

Development of an Electric-Driven Smart Window Model for Visual Comfort Assessment

Smart windows, especially those electric-driven, represent one of the most advanced technologies for controlling solar radiation. For a correct use, it is necessary to understand their real behaviour through in-situ measurements on full-scale application as well as calibrating and validating visual simulation models capable of predicting their performances. In this paper, the preliminary results of current research activities aimed at developing simulation models of electric-driven full-scale glazing are presented. The research activities started with the assessment of the visible solar transmittance as a function of light incident angle through in-situ measurements; different models, with related values, of the visible solar transmittance were considered. For each simulation model, the corresponding transmittance value was set in the RADIANCE “trans” material model and the simulated illuminance values, for a defined acquisition point of a test-facility, were then compared with the experimental data. Finally, for each model, indoor luminance distributions were reported considering a typical office seating position. Preliminary results, based on the in-situ measurements approach, highlighted a sufficient accuracy for one of the models adopted; further analyses are needed in order to upgrade the simulation models available and assess the effective performances of these windows