Bread-making performance of durum wheat as affected by sprouting

The effects of sprouting duration (24 h, 38 h, 48 h, and 62 h) were assessed on durum wheat kernel characteristics (hardness, test weight), semolina chemical composition, pasting and gluten aggregation properties, and leavening and bread-making performance (bread volume and crumb porosity). Sprouting decreased both kernel hardness (~29%) and test weight (~19%). Starch gelatinization and retrogradation capability, as well as the gluten aggregation properties, decreased as sprouting duration increased. The 62 h sample showed the worst aggregation properties leading to a bread with the lowest specific volume (2.69 mL/g). The best results in terms of bread specific volume (3.08 mL/g) and crumb porosity distribution were obtained using semolina from sprouted wheat up to 38 h. A multivariate approach by Principal Component Analysis and clustering confirmed the relationships between all the considered variables and allowed to assess three sprouting levels: 24\u201338 h with improved bread-making performance; 48 h with decreased overall quality; 62 h with the worst quality. In conclusion, the sprouting of durum wheat up to 38 h could improve its bread-making attitude

The effects of Sepiolite-SPLF on heavy pigs fed liquid diets

The effects of the addition of Sepiolite for Pig Liquid Feeding (SPLF) at 1% on growing performance and carcass quality of heavy pigs fed practical diets were evaluated by using 330 Duroc x (Landrace x Large White) pigs, half castrated males and half females, from 63.5 to 170 kg body weight

First surveillance of violence against women during covid-19 lockdown: Experience from “niguarda” hospital in milan, italy

Violence against women emerges with tragic regularity in the daily news. It is now an evident trace of a dramatic social problem, the characteristics of which are not attributable to certain economic, cultural, or religious conditions of the people involved but affect indiscriminately, in a unanimous way, our society. The study is a survey about the number of hospital admissions due to episodes attributable to violence against women, recorded by the Niguarda Hospital in Milan in the period 1 March–30 May from 2017 to 2020. This period, in 2020, corresponds to the coronavirus Lockdown in Italy. All the medical records of the Emergency department were reviewed, and the extracted data classified in order to identify the episodes of violence against women and the features of the reported injuries and the characteristics of the victims. The data did not show an increase in the number of cases in 2020 compared to previous years, but we did find a notable increase in the severity of injuries

The effects of pressed sugar beet pulp silage (PBPS) and dairy whey on heavy pig production

The effects of pressed beet pulp silage (PBPS) replacing barley for 10% and 20% (DM basis) were studied on heavy pigs (60 Hypor pigs from 28 kg) fed dairy whey-diluted diets

EP-1840: Motion artifacts in 4DCT: frequency and correlation with breathing pattern

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1.1 Platelet Activation and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

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Effects of sprouting process on the bread-making performance of durum wheat

Durum wheat is characterized by low bread-making performance, due to its high protein tenacity. The development of a specific enzymatic pattern during the sprouting process may improve the technological performance of durum wheat in bread-making. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of durum wheat sprouting under controlled conditions on starch and protein characteristics and the relation between chemical/rheological changes and bread-making performance. Durum wheat kernels were sprouted at lab scale (Molino Quaglia S.p.A., Vighizzolo d\u2019Este, Padova, Italy) at 20 \ub0C and 90 % relative humidity, and sampled after 24, 38, 48, and 62 hours and then milled into semolina flour. Amylase activity was directly (by Ceralpha Method) and indirectly (through the Falling Number) evaluated upon sprouting. In addition, protein (AACCI 46-12.01), total starch (AACCI 76-13.01), damaged starch (AACCI 76-31.01), and simple sugars (Megazyme\uae enzymatic kit) were measured. Protein and starch features were evaluated in terms of gluten aggregation kinetics (by the Glutopeak\uae) and pasting properties (by the Rapid Visco Analizer\uae; RVA), respectively. Finally, dough leavening properties and specific volume of bread were measured. As regards starch properties, sprouting led to drastic decreases in viscosity values during heating and cooling, due to the increased amylase activity during the sprouting process. In the presence of the enzyme inhibitor (AgNO3), peak and final viscosity greatly increased, indicating that the pasting and gelatinization properties of starch were not compromised by sprouting. Despite the proteolytic activity developed during sprouting, the gluten proteins were still able to aggregate. However, the indices from the GlutoPeak test suggested a weakening of the gluten network. No significant differences were detected between 36 and 48 h, whereas the sample sprouted for 62 h showed the worst aggregation properties, giving rise to a bread with the lowest specific volume (2.69 mL/g). On the contrary, the best results in terms of dough development (180 mL) and bread specific volume (3.1 mL/g) were obtained using semolina from wheat sprouted up to 38 h. The PCA analysis highlighted a particular importance of the chemical indices to distinguish the unsprouted from the sprouted samples, while the changes in gluten were decisive in distinguishing the samples subject to different sprouting hours (24-38 h; 62 h). In conclusion, despite the accumulation of hydrolytic enzymes, sprouting under controlled conditions did not compromise the technological properties of semolina up to 48 h of germination. Furthermore, the germination process led to an improvement in the characteristics of the bread made from semolina obtained from durum wheat sprouted for 38 hours

12.1 Enhanced Proatherogenic Inflammation After Recombinant Human TSH Administration in Patients Monitored for Thyroid Cancer Remnant

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High Resolution Helium Ion Scanning Microscopy of the Rat Kidney

Helium ion scanning microscopy is a novel imaging technology with the potential to provide sub-nanometer resolution images of uncoated biological tissues. So far, however, it has been used mainly in materials science applications. Here, we took advantage of helium ion microscopy to explore the epithelium of the rat kidney with unsurpassed image quality and detail. In addition, we evaluated different tissue preparation methods for their ability to preserve tissue architecture. We found that high contrast, high resolution imaging of the renal tubule surface is possible with a relatively simple processing procedure that consists of transcardial perfusion with aldehyde fixatives, vibratome tissue sectioning, tissue dehydration with graded methanol solutions and careful critical point drying. Coupled with the helium ion system, fine details such as membrane texture and membranous nanoprojections on the glomerular podocytes were visualized, and pores within the filtration slit diaphragm could be seen in much greater detail than in previous scanning EM studies. In the collecting duct, the extensive and striking apical microplicae of the intercalated cells were imaged without the shrunken or distorted appearance that is typical with conventional sample processing and scanning electron microscopy. Membrane depressions visible on principal cells suggest possible endo- or exocytotic events, and central cilia on these cells were imaged with remarkable preservation and clarity. We also demonstrate the use of colloidal gold probes for highlighting specific cell-surface proteins and find that 15 nm gold labels are practical and easily distinguishable, indicating that external labels of various sizes can be used to detect multiple targets in the same tissue. We conclude that this technology represents a technical breakthrough in imaging the topographical ultrastructure of animal tissues. Its use in future studies should allow the study of fine cellular details and provide significant advances in our understanding of cell surface structures and membrane organization