Prestação de Contas dos Recursos: Fazer Cumprir as Responsabilidades do Estado de Fornecer Recursos Adequados e Equitativos para ser Efetivamente Usados para Brindar a Todos os Alunos uma Educação de Qualidade

Darling-Hammond, Wilhoit, and Pittenger (2014) addressed the need for states to align their accountability systems with new college- and career-ready learning standards. The authors recommended a new accountability paradigm that focuses on 1) meaningful learning, enabled by 2) professionally skilled and committed educators, and supported by 3) adequate and appropriate resources. This paper explicates the provision of adequate and appropriate resources, the third of these three pillars of a comprehensive approach to accountability. Adequate resources, effectively used, are prerequisites to building the capacity of schools to deliver the two other pillars, professionally skilled and committed educators and meaningful learning. Also, the effective use of public school funding is an oft-ignored but crucial step toward ensuring equal educational opportunity for all students.En el número del el 18 de agosto 2014  esta publicación, los autores Linda Darling-Hammond, Gene Wilhoit, y Linda Pittenger abordaron la necesidad de que los estados alineen sus sistemas de responsabilidad educativa con un nuevo paradigma que prepare a los estudiantes para que sean exitosos en la universidad y carreras profesionaes. Los autores recomendaron un nuevo paradigma de la rendición de cuentas que se centrase en 1) el aprendizaje significativo, habilitado por 2) educadores profesionalmente cualificados y comprometidos, y con el apoyo de 3) los recursos adecuados y apropiados (Darling-Hammond, Wilhoit, y Pittenger, 2014). En este trabajo se explicita la provisión de los recursos adecuados y apropiados, el tercero de estos tres pilares de un enfoque integral para la rendición de cuentas. Recursos suficientes que se usen con eficacia, son requisitos previos para viabilizar la capacidad de las escuelas para sustentar los otros dos pilares, educadores profesionalmente cualificados y comprometidos y lso aprendizajes significativos. Además, la financiación efectiva de la de escuelas públicas es un paso a menudo ignorado, pero crucial para garantizar la igualdad de oportunidades educativas para todos los estudiantes.No número de 18 agosto de 2014 desta publicação, os autores Linda Darling-Hammond, Gene Wilhoit, e Linda Pittenger abordaram a necessidade de que os Estados alinhem seus sistemas de ensino com um novo paradigma de responsabilidade educacional que prepare os alunos para ser bem sucedidos nos estudos universitários e as carreiras profesionais. Os autores recomendam um novo paradigma de responsabilidade educativa baseados em 1) a aprendizagem significativa, ativado por 2) educadores profissionalmente qualificados e comprometidos, e com o apoio de 3) recursos adequados e apropriados (Darling-Hammond, Wilhoit, e Pittenger, 2014). Neste trabalho, o fornecimento de recursos adequados e apropriados são explícitas, o terceiro dos três pilares de uma abordagem abrangente para a prestação de contas. Recursos suficientes utilizados de forma eficaz, são pré-requisitos para viabilizar a capacidade das escolas para sustentar os outros dois pilares, educadores profissionalmente qualificados e comprometidos e aprendizagem significativa. Além disso, o financiamento eficaz das escolas públicas é um passo muitas vezes esquecido, mas crucial para garantir a igualdade de oportunidades educacionais para todos os alunos

A simple and sensitive gas chromatography–electron capture detection method for analyzing perfluorocarbon tracers in soil gas samples for storage of carbon dioxide

Co-injection of a conservative tracer during the geological sequestration of CO2 can imprint a marker to the injected gas that can be easily recognized during soil gas surveys in case of CO2 leakage from the reservoir toward the surface. In this work, an ultra-trace detection method, based on gas chromatography with electron capture detection for analyzing perfluorocarbon tracers (PFTs) in soil gas samples was optimized. Three totally fluorinated cycloalcane compounds consisting of five and six atom carbon rings were selected for this purpose. We evaluated the feasibility of collecting PFTs on adsorbent tube packed with a commercial graphitized carbon black (Carbotrap™ 100) sampling 2 L of soil gas. The sorbent tubes were then analyzed by using a two-stage thermal desorption process. The developed method allows to quickly determine these compounds at very low fL/L level, method identification limits ranged from 1.3 to 5.8 fL/L. Moreover, it shows good precision, evaluated by within-day and between-day studies. A preliminary survey of the PFT soil gas background concentrations, conducted by analyzing some soil gas samples collected in two different areas in Central Italy and in the Po Plain, ascertained the PFT background concentration lower than MIL

The application of soil gas technique to geothermal exploration:study of “hidden” potential geothermal systems

Geochemical studies were conducted using soil-gas and flux surveyings for locating both permeable zones in buried reservoirs and the presence of possible gaseous haloes linked to active geothermal systems. In this work we focused our interest on the distribution of soil-gas concentrations (Rn, Th, He, H2, O2, N2, CO2, CH4 and H2S) in the soil air of the Tetitlan area (Nayarit, Mexico) considered a potential thermal field and characterized by scarcity of surface manifestations. A total of 154 soil-gas samples and 346 CO2 and CH4 flux measurements were collected in an area of about 80 square kilometres. The performed soil-gas and flux geochemical surveys highlighted a general rising patterns linked to local fault system, with the important implication that the highest CO2 and CH4 fluxes, as well as Rn concentrations, could be used in undeveloped geothermal systems to identify main upflow regions and areas of increased and deep permeability

The application of soil gas technique to geothermal exploration:

Geochemical studies were conducted throughout soil gas and flux surveying for locating both permeable zones in buried reservoirs and the presence of possible gaseous haloes linked to active geothermal systems. In this work we focused our interest on the distribution of soil gas concentrations (Rn, Th, He, H2, O2, N2, CO2, CH4 and H2S) in the soil air of the Tetitlan area considered a potential thermal field and characterized by scarcity of surface manifestations. Radon is used as a tracer gas to provide a qualitative idea of gas transfer (velocity and flux), carbon dioxide and methane are believed to act as carriers for other gases (i.e., Rn and He), helium and hydrogen are used as shallow signals of crustal leaks along faults (Ciotoli et al., 2005). Methane is also considered both a characteristic biogenic indicator of organic matter deposits and a tracer of major crustal discontinuity. A total of 154 soil gas samples were collected in an area of about 80 square kilometres. The same area was investigated throughout a total of 346 of CO2 and CH4 flux measurements

A gis spatial analysis model for landslide hazard mapping application in alpine area

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Analytical Solutions of Viscoelastic Nonlocal Timoshenko Beams

A consistent nonlocal viscoelastic beam model is proposed in this paper. Specifically, a Timoshenko bending problem, where size-and time-dependent effects cannot be neglected, is investigated. In order to inspect scale phenomena, a stress-driven nonlocal formulation is used, whereas to simulate time-dependent effects, fractional linear viscoelasticity is considered. These two approaches are adopted to develop a new Timoshenko bending model. Analytical solutions and application samples of the proposed formulation are presented. Moreover, in order to show influences of viscoelastic and size effects on mechanical response, parametric analyses are provided. The contributed results can be useful for the design and optimization of small-scale devices exhibiting flexural behaviour

Uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax: clinical and economic analysis in comparison to the traditional approach

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Autoimmune Gastritis in the Pediatric Age: An Underestimated Condition Report of Two Cases and Review.

<b>Background:</b> Diagnosis of pediatric autoimmune gastritis (AIG) in children is important due to poor outcome and risk of malignancy. This condition is often underestimated in the clinico-pathologic diagnostic work-up, leading to delayed time-to-diagnosis. To increase the awareness of this condition in the pediatric population, we present two cases encountered at our institution, discuss their clinical, biological, and histological presentations in relation with evidence from the literature, and propose an algorithm for diagnosis and follow-up of AIG in children. <b>Case presentation:</b> Two patients (12 and 17 years old) presented with iron deficiency anemia and negative family history for autoimmune disorders. In both cases, the final diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis was delayed until pathological examination of endoscopic gastric biopsies showed atrophy of oxyntic glands. <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> search was negative. Follow up biopsies revealed persistent disease. Literature review on this condition shows unclear etiology and poor long term outcome in some patients because of increased risk of malignancy. <b>Conclusions:</b> AIG should be considered in the differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in the pediatric population.Standardized clinico-pathologic work-up is mandatory. Endoscopic follow-up should be performed due to the risk of malignancy