Prüfung und Entwicklung von Sojabohnenzuchtmaterial für die Fütterung mit dem Ziel der Implementierung mittelständischer Züchtungsaktivitäten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Merkmale Frühzeitigkeit, Kältetoleranz und Proteinertrag

Mit dem Vorhaben soll im Rahmen der Eiweißstrategie des BMEL durch die Stärkung der Züchtungswirtschaft eine Ausweitung und Verbesserung des Sojabohnenanbaus und damit der Produktion von gentechnikfreiem, heimischem Eiweißfutter unterstützt werden. An der Landesanstalt wird ein Soja-Zuchtprogramm neu aufgebaut. Im Verbund mit privaten bayerischen Züchtungsunternehmen werden Methoden zur Selektion von Zuchtstämmen bezüglich der Merkmale Frühreife, Kornertrag, Proteinertrag und Kältetoleranz entwickelt, sowie die Grundlage für eine markergestützte Selektion geschaffen. In den drei Vegetationsperioden (2015-2017) wurden aus über zwölftausend Kreuzungsnachkommen interessante Zuchtstämme selektiert und in einer Leistungsprüfung mit aktuellen Sorten in Ertrag, Proteingehalt und Abreife verglichen. Dabei konnten mehrere Zuchtstämme identifiziert werden, die bei hohem Ertrag früher abreifen als aktuelle Vergleichssorten bzw. höhere Proteinerträge liefern. Das entwickelte Zuchtmaterial fand Eingang in die Zuchtprogramme bei den privaten Verbundpartnern und wird auf die Sortenzulassung vorbereitet. Die molekulargenetischen Analysen auf der Basis von 6000 SNP-Markern zeigten eine nur geringe genetische Diversität im aktuell genutzten Sortenpanel. Die in Clusteranalysen nachgewiesene große genetische Diversität in weltweiten Genbankakzessionen kann als wertvoller Genpool für die Züchtung genutzt werden. Die aufwändige phänotypische Selektion soll langfristig durch molekulare Marker effizienter gestaltet werden. Der erste Schritt wurde mit der Etablierung und Anwendung publizierter Marker für die Merkmale Blüte und Reife gemacht

Development and validation of molecular markers tagging anthracnose resistance in white lupin (Lupinus albus, L.)

White lupin (Lupinus albus, L.) has great potential to be utilized more in organic and sustainable agricultural systems. However, there are major obstacles in the production of this crop to overcome. One of these is the susceptibility against its main fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum lupini, which causes anthracnose disease, representing a serious threat to lupin cultivation worldwide, potentially leading to total yield loss in Swiss growing conditions. The trait of anthracnose resistance is polygenically controlled in white lupin, no complete resistance was observed and only few sources of resistance were identified until now. Efforts are constantly made to breed cultivars with increased resistance. To achieve this goal, developing and validating molecular markers for direct application of marker assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) in variety development is pivotal

Development and validation of molecular markers tagging anthracnose resistance in white lupin (Lupinus albus, L.)

White lupin (Lupinus albus, L.) has great potential to be utilized more in organic and sustainable agricultural systems. However, there are major obstacles in the production of this crop to overcome. One of these is the susceptibility against its main fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum lupini, which causes anthracnose disease, representing a serious threat to lupin cultivation worldwide, potentially leading to total yield loss in Swiss growing conditions. The trait of anthracnose resistance is polygenically controlled in white lupin, no complete resistance was observed and only few sources of resistance were identified until now. Efforts are constantly made to breed cultivars with increased resistance. To achieve this goal, developing and validating molecular markers for direct application of marker assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) in variety development is pivotal. This ongoing study (2022 – 2025) aims to develop MAS and GS strategies based on already published and still unpublished resistance loci. We present a newly performed genomic prediction analysis (predictive ability of up to 0.58) based on already available genotyping (9,940 SNPs) and phenotyping data (in controlled conditions) for a panel of 200 accessions. Marker selection was subsequently applied to define a set of 56 markers that allow to improve the prediction accuracy in the studied panel (predictive ability of up to 0.79) and that can be used as basis for implementation in breeding. We used these loci to develop KASP markers, which is a cost-effective genotyping assay with the potential to be upscaled to highthroughput platforms such as Standard BioTools™. We also developed markers for three significant SNPs described in the published GWAS by FiBL on the same panel, as well as for ten significant SNPs from an unpublished GWAS by LfL (panel of 254 accession, 24,534 SNPs, phenotyping under field conditions in Germany). Finally, we transformed two published dCAPS markers tagging the resistance source from Ethiopian germplasm into KASP markers. We present the results on selection effectiveness of these markers from validation performed using a new panel of 62 accessions, including landraces, commercial varieties and breeding lines from FiBL (Switzerland) phenotyped under controlled conditions. This research has received funding from the projects DIVINFOOD (funded by the EU), LiveSeeding, (funded by the EU, SERI and UKRI), LUPINNO SUISSE (funded by FOAG) and LupiSMART (funded by BLE)

PCR Primers and PCR Conditions

A comma separated file containing the primers of the PCR, their source, and the PCR conditions. The legend for the sources and the abbreviations for the PCR conditions can be found in the ReadMe file

Data from: Geography and end use drive the diversification of worldwide winter rye populations

To meet the current challenges in human food production, improved understanding of the genetic diversity of crop species that maximizes the selection efficacy in breeding programs is needed. The present study offers new insights into the diversity, genetic structure and demographic history of cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.). We genotyped 620 individuals from 14 global rye populations with a different end use (grain or forage) at 32 genome-wide simple sequence repeat markers. We reveal the relationships among these populations, their sizes and the timing of domestication events using population genetics and model-based inference with approximate Bayesian computation. Our main results demonstrate (i) a high within-population variation and genetic diversity, (ii) an unexpected absence of reduction in diversity with an increasing improvement level and (iii) patterns suggestive of multiple domestication events. We suggest that the main drivers of diversification of winter rye are the end use of rye in two early regions of cultivation: rye forage in the Mediterranean area and grain in northeast Europe. The lower diversity and stronger differentiation of eastern European populations were most likely due to more intensive cultivation and breeding of rye in this region, in contrast to the Mediterranean region where it was considered a secondary crop or even a weed. We discuss the relevance of our results for the management of gene bank resources and the pitfalls of inference methods applied to crop domestication due to violation of model assumptions and model complexity