Room for More: A study of Minnesota retail and service businesses that open or expand after the opening of Walmart Supercenters

1 electronic resource (PDF). This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu.Partnership: Presented in partnership with the EDA Center at the University of Minnesota Crooksto

Peripartale hämatologische und klinisch-chemische Blutuntersuchungen zur Frühdiagnostik der Dislocatio abomasi, Gebärparese, Retentio secundinarum und Mastitis bei Milchkühen

Zusammenfassung Katja Schwartau Peripartale hämatologische und klinisch-chemische Blutuntersuchungen zur Frühdiagnostik der Dislocatio abomasi, Gebärparese, Retentio secundinarum und Mastitis bei Milchkühen Medizinische Tierklinik der Veterinärmedizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig Eingereicht im Mai 2011 Bibliographische Angaben 94 Seiten, 22 Abbildungen, 19 Tabellen, 210 Literaturangaben, Schlüsselwörter: Labmagenverlagerung, Gebärparese, Retentio secundinarum, Mastitis, Kuh Produktionskrankheiten haben in den letzten Jahren immer mehr an Bedeutung gewonnen. Diese leistungsassoziierten Bestandserkrankungen tragen wesentlich zur kurzen Nutzungsdauer von ca. 2,5 Jahren der Milchkühe bei. Es ist deshalb besonders wichtig, ihre Prophylaxe einschließlich der Früherkennung in den Vordergrund zu stellen. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden deshalb frühdiagnostische Möglichkeiten der LMV (Labmagenverlagerung), GP (Gebärparese), Retentio sec. (Retentio secundinarum) und Mastitis geprüft. Des Weiteren wurden die Kühe in einer Gruppe „krank“ und einer Gruppe „gesund“ gegenübergestellt, um durch Stoffwechselabweichungen generell subklinische Veränderungen zu erkennen, die Hinweise auf bevorstehende Erkrankungen geben. Besondere Beachtung fand für die Bewertung des Erkrankungsrisikos die odds ratio. In die Untersuchung wurden insgesamt 398 Schwarzbunte Kühe einbezogen. 49 Tiere waren an einer LMV, 121 Tiere an einer GP, 131 an einer Retentio sec. und 119 Tiere an einer Mastitis erkrankt. Im Gruppenvergleich gesund/krank wurden 347 erkrankte Kühe mit 51 klinisch gesunden Tieren verglichen. Es wurden bei allen Kühen 14-7 d a.p. (Tage ante partum) und 3 d p.p. (Tage post partum) Blutproben entnommen. Es wurden Parameter des Energie-, Fett- und Leberstoffwechsels (FFS [Freie Fettsäuren], BHB [ß-0H-Butyrat], Cholesterol, Glucose, Insulin, AST [Aspartat-Amino-Transferase], Bilirubin), des Eiweißstoffwechsels (Albumin, Haptoglobin, TP [Gesamt-Eiweiß], Harnstoff, Kreatinin) und der Leukozyten sowie des Mineralstoffwechsels (Na [Natrium], K [Kalium], Cl [Chlorid], Ca [Calcium], Pi [anorganisches Phosphat], AP [Alkalische Phosphatase]) und der CK [Creatinkinase] bestimmt und mit gesunden Kühen verglichen. 92 Auf das Risiko einer LMV weisen a.p. besonders Konzentrationssteigerungen des Haptoglobins hin. Aber auch die Mediane der Glucose und der AP liegen außerhalb des Referenzbereichs bei Tieren, die später an einer LMV erkranken. Drei d p.p. kommen signifikante Konzentrationsanstiege der FFS, des BHB und des Bilirubin sowie signifikante Konzentrationsabnahmen des Insulin (odds ratio 8,43) bis unter den Normbereich hinzu. Die Aktivitäten der AP und auch die Konzentrationen von Cholesterol und Ca bleiben ebenfalls unter dem Normbereich. Die Mediane der AST-Aktivität und der Haptoglobinkonzentration liegen oberhalb des Referenzbereichs. Auf das Risiko einer GP weisen a.p. und p.p die verminderte AP-Aktivität sowie Konzentrationsanstiege der FFS (odds ratio 1,78) hin. Drei d p.p ergänzen die Konzentrationen des BHB, des Bilirubins und des Haptoglobins (odds ratio 4,59) oberhalb der Referenzbereiche die Veränderungen. Der Median der Insulinkonzentration liegt 3 d p.p. unter dem Referenzbereich. Einer Retentio sec. gehen erhöhte Glucosekonzentrationen a.p. voraus. Der Median der AP-Aktivitäten liegt schon a.p. unter dem Normbereich. Drei d p.p. unterscheidet er sich signifikant von Kühen ohne Retentio sec. Hinweise auf Mastitiden liefern p.p. die Konzentrationen des BHB (odds ratio 1,78). Die Mediane der Glucosekonzentrationen liegen a.p. oberhalb und die der AP-Aktivitäten unterhalb der Referenzbereiche. Drei d p.p. kommen Steigerungen der Haptoglobin-, Glucose- und Bilirubinkonzentrationen sowie Aktivitätssteigerungen der AST bis über den Normbereich hinzu. Als Besonderheit liegen die Ca- und Pi-Konzentrationen aufgrund des geringeren Abflusses bei einer verminderten Milchleistung signifikant über denen der gesunden Kühe. Für die Entstehung postpartaler Erkrankungen generell verdienen die signifikanten Konzentrationssteigerungen der Glucose sowie die Abnahme der AP-Aktivität besondere Beachtung. Das BHB (odds ratio 1,92 a.p.) und die CK (odds ratio 2,17 a.p.) weisen auf ein erhöhtes Krankheitsrisiko hin. Drei d p.p. kommen zu den Veränderungen dieser Parameter noch signifikante Konzentrations- bzw. Aktivitätssteigerungen der FFS, des BHB, der CK, des Bilirubins, der AST und des Haptoglobins (odds ratio 4,61) sowie erniedrigte Ca-Konzentrationen hinzu. Die Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass a.p. generell Abweichungen des Energiestoffwechsels und im Besonderen gesteigerte Glucosekonzentrationen sowie erniedrigte AP-Aktivitäten ein erhöhtes Risiko für postpartale Erkrankungen anzeigen. Höhere Aussagekraft besitzen Kontrollen am 3. d p.p. mit den Parametern Insulin (odds ratio 8,4), FFS, BHB und Haptoglobin (odds ratio 4,61), deren Konzentrationen gegenüber gesunden Kühen signifikant abweichen. Ähnlich gute Eignung zeigen, Bilirubin, AST und Ca

Mode of physiological activity of acylcyclohexadione retardants

The key to high productivity of plants, especially cereals, is to control lodging of cereals. Among the derivatives of acylcyclohexadiones (ACHD), highly effective retardants have been invented, which are widely used in modern crop production to control the lodging of cereals, mainly winter wheat, spring and winter wheat, winter, spring and hybrids of barley. The mechanisms of influence of ACHD derivatives – trinexapac-ethyl and prohexadione-Ca on plants and features of their application in technologies of cultivation of cultivated plants are considered. By using a composition of ACHD derivatives with a number of agrochemicals, enhancement of retardant activity is achieved. Given the identified varietal variability of the effectiveness of the use of ACHD derivatives in cereals, it is advisable to conduct registration and post-registration studies primarily on varieties that occupy the largest sown areas in the country. The peculiarities of ACHD derivatives’ influence on stem components as the main one, along with the flag leaf, carbon pool for grain filling in the ear and possible reasons for the lack of productivity increase of grain crops due to ACHD derivatives are also considered. This class of substances continues to be widely studied in the world and remains among the most promising for the development of new agrochemicals and drugs

Eyota Market Area Profile

This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu

Das Lößprofil von Ahlshausen und weitere tiefe Quartäraufschlüsse entlang der Bundesbahn-Neubaustrecke bei Northeim, Südniedersachsen

In der Subrosionssenke von Ahlshausen wurde eine 25 m mächtige Lößlehm-Fließerde-Folge mit bis zu 9 Parabraunerden (fBt- und Bleichhorizonte) untersucht. Unter dem 3. fBt fanden sich Reste eines Glaziärvorkommens, das eine elsterzeitliche Inlandvereisung belegt. Ein mächtiger Beckenschluff bis -ton im Liegenden der Lößfolge gehört vermutlich bereits in die Matuyama-Periode. In den Bahnprofilen und in Bohrungen der begleitenden Geologischen Kartierung wurden Kiesvorkommen mehrerer prä-holsteinzeitlicher Rhumeläufe nachgewiesen. Ihre Verstellung um viele Zehnermeter wird auf Hebung des Ahlshausener Gewölbes (über einem Zechstein-Salzkissen) zurückgeführt, unterbrochen durch lokale subrosive Absenkung.researc

Agar gel phenotyping of root traits as rapid and sensitive assay of wheat seedlings response to edaphic factors : on example of cadmium

Saabunud / Received 14.05.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 15.09.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 15.09.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Oleksandr Smirnov [email protected] influence of different concentrations of cadmium on root elongation, exudative activity of roots and seminal root angle of two wheat genotypes: common bread wheat – Triticum aestivum L. (cv. 'Favorytka') and emmer wheat – Triticum dicoccum Schrank. (cv. 'Holikovska') have been studied in the germination stage. Rapid changes in morphofunctional traits upon first three days of exposure to cadmium on early stages of growth have been studied on phenotyping plates with 25, 50 and 100 μM addition to agar-acid/base indicator medium. Significant inhibition of root elongation, exudative root activity and changes in seminal root angle were observed. Exposure to the highest Cd concentration led to a decrease in primal root length by 50%, decrease in root exudative activity by 88% and decrease in seminal root angle by 24 degrees in T. aestivum compared to a decrease by 12%, 83% and 17 degrees in T. dicoccum. Unlike root growth retardation, a decrease in exudative activity was observed on all three Cd concentrations. The root growth performance at starting stage of seedlings ontogenesis proposed as an express and sensitive phenotyping test method for determining plant response to edaphic stressors by cadmium toxicity example

Identification of a herbicide-resistant biotype of Echinochloa crus-galli in Ukraine

Ukraine is one of the world’s guarantors of food security and has the potential to further increase agricultural production. However, the vast majority of herbicides used on crops are acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, which poses a threat of herbicide-resistant weed species. The emergence and spread of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes can significantly increase the cost of growing crops to the point of loss of profitability. Herbicide resistance in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli) has been studied in long-term field and greenhouse experiments. Resistance of E. crus-galli to the ALS herbicide triazolopyrimidine derivative ‒ penoxsulam was identified. Expressed resistance was observed in weed plants grown from seeds collected under production conditions in Kherson region in 2015–2016 and 2020–2021. Cross resistance was observed for imidazolinone and sulfonylurea derivatives. It should be noted that the level of cross resistance to ALS herbicides was slightly higher for plants derived from weed seeds harvested in 2020–2021 compared to those harvested in 2015–2016. The introduction of a herbicidal composition of a herbicide mixture ‒ an inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) (an enzyme in plants in the chain of carotenoid synthesis) ‒ mesotrione with an ALS-inhibitor (nicosulfuron) allowed effective control of the weed, which indicates the absence of multiple resistance to herbicides ‒ inhibitors of carotenoid synthesis. The high efficiency of E. crus-galli control was established by the application of herbicides ‒ inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis (graminicides). The highest level of efficiency in the experiments was observed with the application of fluazifop-butyl and somewhat less ‒ with pinoxaden. A tendency to reduce phytotoxicity to barnyardgrass from the south of Ukraine was observed with the introduction of tepraloxydim and quizalofop-ethyl. A lower level of phytotoxicity of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl on E. crus-galli should be noted compared to the effect of pinoxaden. No multiple resistance was observed with glyphosate (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitor) and reglone (photosystem I inhibitor), allowing control of vegetative weeds at the beginning and end of the growing season. It has been established that monocot weed species have significantly increased their presence and harmfulness in agrophytocenoses in Ukraine and in the world since the 1950s with the widespread introduction of selective dicotyledonous species control with aryloxyphenoxyacetic, propionic and benzoic acid derivatives. This trend has been maintained until recently ‒ barnyardgrass is one of the dominant weed species in modern agrophytocenoses of Ukraine. Therefore, the identification of the ALS-resistant biotype of barnyardgrass complicates weed control in the following crops in rotations in the southern regions of the country: in maize crops with cross resistance to nicosulfuron, in sunflower ‒ to imidazolinones (imazamox, imazapyr), and also makes it impossible to use penoxsulam in rice production. Traditionally, the use of synthetic auxins, phenoxyacetic acid derivatives, etc. is used to control ALS-resistance. However, in Kherson region of Ukraine, already in the third year of application of rinskor (florpyrauxifen-benzyl), some weed plants were found on rice fields affected by ALS-resistant barnyardgrass, which recovered after the use of synthetic auxin. Therefore, the control of ALS-resistance (penoxsulam, etc.) in E. crus-galli with the application florpyrauxifen-benzyl in the Kherson region of Ukraine is already limited. An obvious and economically feasible preventive measure against the emergence of resistant weed biotypes is the implementation of GAP (Good Agricultural Practice, FAO) approaches: in particular, the use of high quality seeds without weed impurities, increasing the proportion of agrotechnical weed control measures, restoring and expanding crop rotations with mandatory rotation of herbicides with different modes of action, introducing dicotyledonous/leguminous crops into rotations, and using herbicides with different modes of action in crops separately or in mixtures. At the same time, agrotechnical measures and the preservation of biodiversity in agrophytocenoses should be the main factor in controlling resistance in weeds. The use of herbicides and their mixtures with different modes of action is of secondary importance. The identification of highly damaging ALS-resistant E. crus-galli in southern Ukraine indicates the insufficient effectiveness of weed control exclusively with herbicides with a single mechanism of action and requires a significant revision of the principles of crop rotation and ways of weed control in the country to maintain high levels of profitability and productivity of agrophytocenoses. Solving this problem is urgent for the preservation of Ukraine's potential as one of the guarantors of global food security

Experimentelles FMCW-Radar zur hochfrequenten Charakterisierung von Windenergieanlagen

During the increasing dissemination of renewable energy sources the potential and actual interference effects of wind turbine plants became obvious. Turbines reflect the signals of weather radar and other radar systems. In addition to the static radar echoes, in particular the Doppler echoes are to be mentioned as an undesirable impairment Keränen (2014). As a result, building permit is refused for numerous new wind turbines, as the potential interference can not be reliably predicted. As a contribution to the improvement of this predictability, measurements are planned which aim at the high-frequency characterisation of wind energy installations. In this paper, a cost-effective FMCW radar is presented, which is operated in the same frequency band (C-band) as the weather radars of the German weather service. Here, the focus is on the description of the hardware design including the considerations used for its dimensioning

Вплив проквіназиду та гідроксиду міді на гомеостаз аніонів у рослинах озимої пшениці в генеративну фазу розвитку

The study deals with the effect of proquinazid and copper oxide application on structural characteristics and resistance of wheat to powdery mildew, as well as remobilisation and redistribution of anions pools at generative stage of development. The trial series was conducted in the experimental agricultural production of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Field experiments were carried out with Smuglyanka variety of winter wheat. The trial series included the application of fungicides such as Talius (proquinazid, 200 g/L) 0,25 L/ha and Kocide 2000 (copper hydroxide, 350 g/kg) 150 and 300 g/ha, and combination of both fungicides. Sprays were applied at tillering stage in autumn in the first trial series and at tillering-booting stage in spring in the second one. Assessment of affected plants by powdery mildew was carried out visually in points. Anion concentration was determined with the use of ion chromatography. Application of fungicides at tillering stage increases the amount of productive stems in wheat plants. The highest effect was recorded for application of copper hydroxide at dose of 300 g/ha in autumn. Analysis of plants affected by powdery mildew shows that application of proquinazid and its composition with copper hydroxide provides sustained protection against Blumeria graminis (DC) Speer. Application of fungicides at tillering stage contributes to increase of the pool of free nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur anions in leaf tissues compared to control. These changes in anion composition may be caused by fungicide effect on activity of N, P, S transporters, as well as internal regulatory mechanisms of elements’ uptake by plants. Comparing the results of the autumn and spring application of fungicides should note the increase in concentration of free phosphates in wheat leaves in the 2nd trial with proquinazid and its composition with copper hydroxide. Accumulation of nitrogen in the nitrate form occur in the period of maximum activity of plants during grain maturation, that is why the increase of free nitrates concentration in all trial series may indicate the remobilization of nitrogen from vegetative organs to caryopsis. Analysis of wheat ear of the 1st trial shows increase in concentrations of free nitrates and phosphates in all trial series which may be explained by intensification of metabolic processes that occur in the ear during grain maturation. Comparison of results of 1st and 2nd trials shows the decrease of Cl concentration in plants of the 2nd trial which can be associated with extension of photosynthetic activity of leaves and participation of element in oxidative phosphorylation, as well as its binding with polypeptides belonging to photolysis complex of water of photosystem II. Thus, application of proquinazid and copper hydroxide at tillering stage increases the productive tillering capacity and enhances the pools of N, P, S free anions in winter wheat plants. These changes can be explained by the effect of fungicides on plant metabolic processes associated with remobilization and transport of elements from flag leaves to the ears during grain maturation. Autumn application of fungicides provides an excellent protection level against powdery mildew of winter wheat plants and creates optimal conditions for plants’ development and wintering. Treatment of plants in spring is highly effective against powdery mildew at tillering-booting stage.Досліджено вплив проквіназиду та гідроксиду міді на структурні показники рослин озимої пшениці, їх стійкість до борошнистої роси (Blumeria graminis (DC) Speer), а також на гомеостаз пулів вільних аніонів у генеративну фазу розвитку. Обробка проквіназидом і гідроксидом міді збільшує продуктивну кущистість, забезпечує стійкий захист рослин озимої пшениці від борошнистої роси, створює оптимальні умови для розвитку рослин, їх зимівлі. Аналіз аніонного складу листків та колосу пшениці свідчить про інтенсифікацію метаболічних процесів рослини, пов’язані з ремобілізацією та транспортом елементів із флагових листків у колос під час дозрівання зернаДосліджено вплив проквіназиду та гідроксиду міді на структурні показники рослин озимої пшениці, їх стійкість до борошнистої роси (Blumeriagraminis (DC) Speer), а також на гомеостаз пулів вільних аніонів у генеративну фазу розвитку. Обробка проквіназидом і гідроксидом міді збільшує продуктивну кущистість, забезпечує стійкий захист рослин озимої пшениці від борошнистої роси, створює оптимальні умови для розвитку рослин, їх зимівлі. Аналіз аніонного складу листків та колосу пшениці свідчить про інтенсифікацію метаболічних процесів рослини, пов’язані з ремобілізацією та транспортом елементів із флагових листків у колос під час дозрівання зерна.