2,040 research outputs found
Density functional theory for a model quantum dot: Beyond the local-density approximation
We study both static and transport properties of model quantum dots,
employing density functional theory as well as (numerically) exact methods. For
the lattice model under consideration the accuracy of the local-density
approximation generally is poor. For weak interaction, however, accurate
results are achieved within the optimized effective potential method, while for
intermediate interaction strengths a method combining the exact diagonalization
of small clusters with density functional theory is very successful. Results
obtained from the latter approach yield very good agreement with density matrix
renormalization group studies, where the full Hamiltonian consisting of the dot
and the attached leads has to be diagonalized. Furthermore we address the
question whether static density functional theory is able to predict the exact
linear conductance through the dot correctly - with, in general, negative
answer.Comment: 8 page
Mechanically Detecting and Avoiding the Quantum Fluctuations of a Microwave Field
During the theoretical investigation of the ultimate sensitivity of
gravitational wave detectors through the 1970's and '80's, it was debated
whether quantum fluctuations of the light field used for detection, also known
as photon shot noise, would ultimately produce a force noise which would
disturb the detector and limit the sensitivity. Carlton Caves famously answered
this question with "They do." With this understanding came ideas how to avoid
this limitation by giving up complete knowledge of the detector's motion. In
these back-action evading (BAE) or quantum non-demolition (QND) schemes, one
manipulates the required quantum measurement back-action by placing it into a
component of the motion which is unobserved and dynamically isolated. Using a
superconducting, electro-mechanical device, we realize a sensitive measurement
of a single motional quadrature with imprecision below the zero-point
fluctuations of motion, detect both the classical and quantum measurement
back-action, and demonstrate BAE avoiding the quantum back-action from the
microwave photons by 9 dB. Further improvements of these techniques are
expected to provide a practical route to manipulate and prepare a squeezed
state of motion with mechanical fluctuations below the quantum zero-point
level, which is of interest both fundamentally and for the detection of very
weak forces
Finite-Size Bosonization and Self-Consistent Harmonic Approximation
The self-consistent harmonic approximation is extended in order to account
for the existence of Klein factors in bosonized Hamiltonians. This is important
for the study of finite systems where Klein factors cannot be ignored a priori.
As a test we apply the method to interacting spinless fermions with modulated
hopping. We calculate the finite-size corrections to the energy gap and the
Drude weight and compare our results with the exact solution for special values
of the model parameters
Performance Verification of the FlashCam Prototype Camera for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a future gamma-ray observatory that is
planned to significantly improve upon the sensitivity and precision of the
current generation of Cherenkov telescopes. The observatory will consist of
several dozens of telescopes with different sizes and equipped with different
types of cameras. Of these, the FlashCam camera system is the first to
implement a fully digital signal processing chain which allows for a traceable,
configurable trigger scheme and flexible signal reconstruction. As of autumn
2016, a prototype FlashCam camera for the medium-sized telescopes of CTA nears
completion. First results of the ongoing system tests demonstrate that the
signal chain and the readout system surpass CTA requirements. The stability of
the system is shown using long-term temperature cycling.Comment: 5 pages, 13 figures, Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on
Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2016), Lake Bled, Sloveni
Statistics of Heat Transfer in Mesoscopic Circuits
A method to calculate the statistics of energy exchange between quantum
systems is presented. The generating function of this statistics is expressed
through a Keldysh path integral. The method is first applied to the problem of
heat dissipation from a biased mesoscopic conductor into the adjacent
reservoirs. We then consider energy dissipation in an electrical circuit around
a mesoscopic conductor. We derive the conditions under which measurements of
the fluctuations of heat dissipation can be used to investigate higher order
cumulants of the charge counting statistics of a mesoscopic conductor.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
FlashCam: a fully-digital camera for the medium-sized telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array
The FlashCam group is currently preparing photomultiplier-tube based cameras
proposed for the medium-sized telescopes (MST) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array
(CTA). The cameras are designed around the FlashCam readout concept which is
the first fully-digital readout system for Cherenkov cameras, based on
commercial FADCs and FPGAs as key components for the front-end electronics
modules and a high performance camera server as back-end. This contribution
describes the progress of the full-scale FlashCam camera prototype currently
under construction, as well as performance results also obtained with earlier
demonstrator setups. Plans towards the production and implementation of
FlashCams on site are also briefly presented.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures. In Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic
Ray Conference (ICRC2015), The Hague, The Netherlands. All CTA contributions
at arXiv:1508.0589
The PANDA GEM-based TPC Prototype
We report on the development of a GEM-based TPC prototype for the PANDA
experiment. The design and requirements of this device will be illustrated,
with particular emphasis on the properties of the recently tested GEM-detector,
the characterization of the read-out electronics and the development of the
tracking software that allows to evaluate the GEM-TPC data.Comment: submitted to NIMA 4 pages, 6 picture
Diffuse transport and spin accumulation in a Rashba two-dimensional electron gas
The Rashba Hamiltonian describes the splitting of the conduction band as a
result of spin-orbit coupling in the presence of an asymmetric confinement
potential and is commonly used to model the electronic structure of confined
narrow-gap semiconductors. Due to the mixing of spin states some care has to be
exercised in the calculation of transport properties. We derive the diffusive
conductance tensor for a disordered two-dimensional electron gas with
spin-orbit interaction and show that the applied bias induces a spin
accumulation, but that the electric current is not spin-polarized.Comment: REVTeX4 format, 5 page
Two populations of X-ray pulsars produced by two types of supernovae
Two types of supernova are thought to produce the overwhelming majority of neutron stars in the Universe. The first type, iron-core collapse supernovae, occurs when a high-mass star develops a degenerate iron core that exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit. The second type, electron-capture supernovae, is associated with the collapse of a lower-mass oxygen-neon-magnesium core as it loses pressure support owing to the sudden capture of electrons by neon and/or magnesium nuclei. It has hitherto been impossible to identify the two distinct families of neutron stars produced in these formation channels. Here we report that a large, well-known class of neutron-star-hosting X-ray pulsars is actually composed of two distinct sub-populations with different characteristic spin periods, orbital periods and orbital eccentricities. This class, the Be/X-ray binaries, contains neutron stars that accrete material from a more massive companion star. The two sub-populations are most probably associated with the two distinct types of neutron-star-forming supernovae, with electron-capture supernovae preferentially producing system with short spin period, short orbital periods and low eccentricity. Intriguingly, the split between the two sub-populations is clearest in the distribution of the logarithm of spin period, a result that had not been predicted and which still remains to be explaine
Anderson-localization versus delocalization of interacting fermions in one dimension
Using the density matrix renormalization group algorithm, we investigate the
lattice model for spinless fermions in one dimension in the presence of a
strong interaction and disorder. The phase sensitivity of the ground state
energy is determined with high accuracy for systems up to a size of 60 lattice
constants. This quantity is found to be log-normally distributed. The
fluctuations grow algebraically with system size with a universal exponent of
~2/3 in the localized region of the phase diagram. Surprizingly, we find, for
an attractive interaction, a delocalized phase of finite extension. The
boundary of this delocalized phase is determined.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, revte
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