Developments and Clinical Applications in Diagnostic Molecular Microbiology

Diagnostic Microbiology probably started in the late 17th century when the Dutch scientist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek made microorganisms visible for the first time. Since then, 3 major revolutions have taken place, all of which had a major impact on the field of clinical microbiology. The first revolution took place at the end of the 19th century after the development of solid culture media by Robert Koch. Bacterial culture, nowadays, still remains the cornerstone of clinical microbiology, although technical refinements have made available automated identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in most modern laboratories. The second revolution was the development of antigen/antibody detection in the sixties and seventies of the 20th century. Early antigen/antibody testing tended to lack some sensitivity and specificity, a problem which is nowadays largely resolved, however, most of these tests still show a window period before detectable antigen/antibody levels appea! r in the patient. The third and final revolution, the nucleic acid (NA)-based detection of microorganisms started some 25 year ago and is still ongoing. Molecular diagnostic testing has made its way from basic research to become a permanent asset for the clinical microbiology laboratory. In fact, in clinical virology it has nearly completely replaced viral culture as the primary means to detect active viral infection. However, in other fields in clinical microbiology, the use of molecular diagnostics

Analisa Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah dan Loyalitas Nasabah pada Salah Satu Bank Swasta di Jakarta

. Banking at the present time is required to further improve its service,whereas customers are increasingly improving their mobility and needs. Servicein the banking industry is a very important thing in determining their success inthe face of competition. Quality of service is very influential on customersatisfaction and loyalty. The existence of decrease in the number of customers, adecrease in the amount of good incomes from savings, deposits and loans, also anincrease in the number of customers who complain significantly occur at thisprivate bank. This study was conducted to determine the effect of service qualityon customer satisfaction and loyalty on one Private Bank branches in CentralJakarta. The respondent in this study are the customers of the private bank inCentral Jakarta branch where the total number of customer at the private bankbranch in Central Jakarta are as many as 112 customers. The number ofrespondents in this study set out 88 respondents using a sampling technique calledpurposive sampling with slovin formula. This study uses analysis with the help ofthe SMART PLS program to determine the effect between service quality,customer loyalty and customer satisfaction, in addition, this study also uses thePearson r correlation with SPSS to determine the relationship between eachdimension. The results obtained from this study show that: 1) the quality ofservice gives positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, 2) thecustomer satisfaction does not give positive and significant effect on customerloyalty, 3) the quality of service gives positive and significant effect on customerloyalty. The recommendation for this private bank in Central Jakarta branch is toimprove the quality of services provided to customers starting from theimprovement of the employee\u27s performance, system improvement, andtechnology improvement so that the customer is satisfied and loyal to this privatebank

Trauma Surveillance in Cape Town, South Africa: An Analysis of 9236 Consecutive Trauma Center Admissions.

PublishedJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tThis is the final version of the article. Available from American Medical Association via the DOI in this record.IMPORTANCE: Trauma is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In many low- and middle-income countries, formal trauma surveillance strategies have not yet been widely implemented. OBJECTIVE: To formalize injury data collection at Groote Schuur Hospital, the chief academic hospital of the University of Cape Town, a level I trauma center, and one of the largest trauma referral hospitals in the world. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a prospective study of all trauma admissions from October 1, 2010, through September 30, 2011, at Groote Schuur Hospital. A standard admission form was developed with multidisciplinary input and was used for both clinical and data abstraction purposes. Analysis of data was performed in 3 parts: demographics of injury, injury risk by location, and access to and maturity of trauma services. Geographic information science was then used to create satellite imaging of injury "hot spots" and to track referral patterns. Finally, the World Health Organization trauma system maturity index was used to evaluate the current breadth of the trauma system in place. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The demographics of trauma patients, the distribution of injury in a large metropolitan catchment, and the patterns of injury referral and patient movement within the trauma system. RESULTS: The minimum 34-point data set captured relevant demographic, geographic, incident, and clinical data for 9236 patients. Data field completion rates were highly variable. An analysis of demographics of injury (age, sex, and mechanism of injury) was performed. Most violence occurred toward males (71.3%) who were younger than 40 years of age (74.6%). We demonstrated high rates of violent interpersonal injury (71.6% of intentional injury) and motor vehicle injury (18.8% of all injuries). There was a strong association between injury and alcohol use, with alcohol implicated in at least 30.1% of trauma admissions. From a systems standpoint, the data suggest a mature pattern of referral consistent with the presence of an inclusive trauma system. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The implementation of injury surveillance at Groote Schuur Hospital improved insights about injury risk based on demographics and neighborhood as well as access to service based on patterns of referral. This information will guide further development of South Africa's already advanced trauma system.This work was supported by the Canadian Institute for Health Research and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council