8,542 research outputs found
Self-sustained oscillations in homogeneous shear flow
Generation of the large-scale coherent vortical structurs in homogeneous
shear flow couples dynamical processes of energy and enstrophy production. In
the large rate of strain limit, the simple estimates of the contributions to
the energy and enstrophy equations result in a dynamical system, describing
experimentally and numerically observed self-sustained non-linear oscillations
of energy and enstrophy. It is shown that the period of these oscilaltions is
independent upon the box size and the energy and enstrophy fluctuations are
strongly correlated.Comment: 10 pages 6 figure
Energy Requirements for Quantum Data Compression and 1-1 Coding
By looking at quantum data compression in the second quantisation, we present
a new model for the efficient generation and use of variable length codes. In
this picture lossless data compression can be seen as the {\em minimum energy}
required to faithfully represent or transmit classical information contained
within a quantum state.
In order to represent information we create quanta in some predefined modes
(i.e. frequencies) prepared in one of two possible internal states (the
information carrying degrees of freedom). Data compression is now seen as the
selective annihilation of these quanta, the energy of whom is effectively
dissipated into the environment. As any increase in the energy of the
environment is intricately linked to any information loss and is subject to
Landauer's erasure principle, we use this principle to distinguish lossless and
lossy schemes and to suggest bounds on the efficiency of our lossless
compression protocol.
In line with the work of Bostr\"{o}m and Felbinger \cite{bostroem}, we also
show that when using variable length codes the classical notions of prefix or
uniquely decipherable codes are unnecessarily restrictive given the structure
of quantum mechanics and that a 1-1 mapping is sufficient. In the absence of
this restraint we translate existing classical results on 1-1 coding to the
quantum domain to derive a new upper bound on the compression of quantum
information. Finally we present a simple quantum circuit to implement our
scheme.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Lagrangian tracers on a surface flow: the role of time correlations
Finite time correlations of the velocity in a surface flow are found to be
important for the formation of clusters of Lagrangian tracers. The degree of
clustering characterized by the Lyapunov spectrum of the flow is numerically
shown to be in qualitative agreement with the predictions for the white-in-time
compressible Kraichnan flow, but to deviate quantitatively. For intermediate
values of compressibility the clustering is surprisingly weakened by time
correlations.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, to be published in PR
The reduction of the closest disentangled states
We study the closest disentangled state to a given entangled state in any
system (multi-party with any dimension). We obtain the set of equations the
closest disentangled state must satisfy, and show that its reduction is
strongly related to the extremal condition of the local filtering on each
party. Although the equations we obtain are not still tractable, we find some
sufficient conditions for which the closest disentangled state has the same
reduction as the given entangled state. Further, we suggest a prescription to
obtain a tight upper bound of the relative entropy of entanglement in two-qubit
systems.Comment: a crucial error was correcte
Molecular beam epitaxy of high structural quality Bi2Se3 on lattice matched InP(111) substrates
Epitaxial layers of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 have been grown by
molecular beam epitaxy on laterally lattice-matched InP(111)B substrates. High
resolution X-ray diffraction shows a significant improvement of Bi2Se3 crystal
quality compared to layers deposited on other substrates. The measured full
width at half maximum of the rocking curve is Delta omega=13 arcsec, and the
(omega-2theta) scans exhibit clear layer thickness fringes. Atomic force
microscope images show triangular twin domains with sizes increasing with layer
thickness. The structural quality of the domains is confirmed on the
microscopic level by transmission electron microscopy.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Comparison of missing data approaches in linkage analysis
BACKGROUND: Observational cohort studies have been little used in linkage analyses due to their general lack of large, disease-specific pedigrees. Nevertheless, the longitudinal nature of such studies makes them potentially valuable for assessing the linkage between genotypes and temporal trends in phenotypes. The repeated phenotype measures in cohort studies (i.e., across time), however, can have extensive missing information. Existing methods for handling missing data in observational studies may decrease efficiency, introduce biases, and give spurious results. The impact of such methods when undertaking linkage analysis of cohort studies is unclear. Therefore, we compare here six methods of imputing missing repeated phenotypes on results from genome-wide linkage analyses of four quantitative traits from the Framingham Heart Study cohort. RESULTS: We found that simply deleting observations with missing values gave many more nominally statistically significant linkages than the other five approaches. Among the latter, those with similar underlying methodology (i.e., imputation- versus model-based) gave the most consistent results, although some discrepancies remained. CONCLUSION: Different methods for addressing missing values in linkage analyses of cohort studies can give substantially diverse results, and must be carefully considered to protect against biases and spurious findings
Single-parameter non-adiabatic quantized charge pumping
Controlled charge pumping in an AlGaAs/GaAs gated nanowire by
single-parameter modulation is studied experimentally and theoretically.
Transfer of integral multiples of the elementary charge per modulation cycle is
clearly demonstrated. A simple theoretical model shows that such a quantized
current can be generated via loading and unloading of a dynamic quasi-bound
state. It demonstrates that non-adiabatic blockade of unwanted tunnel events
can obliterate the requirement of having at least two phase-shifted periodic
signals to realize quantized pumping. The simple configuration without multiple
pumping signals might find wide application in metrological experiments and
quantum electronics.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
INFLUÊNCIA DO DIÂMETRO DE ESTACAS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DOS BROTOS DE Platanus x acerifolia
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar o diâmetro ideal de estacas para a produção de mudas de Platanus x acerifolia. As estacas utilizadas foram coletadas em árvores cuja a brotação apresentava-se com um ano de idade. Foram comparados três diâmetros de estacas: diâmetros inferiores a 1 cm, diâmetros entre 1 e 2 cm e diâmetros superiores a 2 cm. Todas as estacas possuiam 30 cm de comprimento. Decorridos 90 dias do plantio das estacas, foram medidas as alturas dos brotos, onde na qual o maior desenvolvimento foi observado nas estacas com diâmetro entre 1 e 2 centÃmetros
Coherent Propagation of Polaritons in Semiconductor Heterostructures: Nonlinear Pulse Transmission in Theory and Experiment
The influence of coherent optical nonlinearities on polariton propagation
effects is studied within a theory-experiment comparison. A novel approach that
combines a microscopic treatment of the boundary problem in a sample of finite
thickness with excitonic and biexcitonic nonlinearities is introduced.
Light-polarization dependent spectral changes are analyzed for single-pulse
transmission and pump-probe excitation
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