Zur Sterblichkeitsdifferenz von Männern im Ost-West-Vergleich

Die Untersuchung der Sterblichkeit der sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigten des Jahres 2004 deckt die Gründe für die Unterschiede der Lebenserwartung bei Männern im Ost-West-Vergleich auf. Es wird gezeigt, dass die bestehenden strukturellen Unterschiede des Arbeitsmarktes in Ost- und Westdeutschland die Lebenserwartungsdifferenz bei Männern im Alter bis 65 Jahre erklären können. Die multivariate Analyse von Individualdaten der 20 Millionen "Aktiv Versicherten" (Datensätze des Forschungsdatenzentrum der Rentenversicherung (FDZ-RV)) zeigt, dass die Berücksichtigung der Merkmale Beschäftigung, Arbeitslosigkeit, Selbstständigkeit, Versicherungsart und Staatsbürgerschaft geeignet sind, eine bis zu 30 % erhöhte Sterblichkeit der ostdeutschen Männer im Altersbereich von 35 bis 55 Jahre zu erklären. Die Differenzen sind ein Ergebnis der unterschiedlichen Arbeitsmarktlage und der damit verbundenen kumulativen Migration in den letzten 30 Jahren.Germany, Germany (Alte Bundesländer), Germany (Neue Bundesländer), life expectancy, male mortality, unemployment, working-age population

Vortex ring refraction at large Froude numbers

We have experimentally studied the impact of an initially planar axisymmetric vortex ring, incident at an oblique angle, upon a gravity-induced interface separating two fluids of differing densities. After impact, the vortex ring was found to exhibit a variety of subsequent trajectories, which we organize according to both the incidence angle, $\theta_i$, and the interface strength, defined as the ratio of the Atwood and Froude numbers, $A/F$. For grazing incidence angles ($\theta_i \gtrsim 70$ deg.) vortices either penetrate or reflect from the interface, depending on whether the interface is weak or strong. In some cases, reflected vortices execute damped oscillations before finally disintegrating. For smaller incidence angles ($\theta_i \lesssim 70$ deg.) vortices penetrate the interface. When there is a strong interface, these vortices are observed to curve back up toward the interface. When there is a weak interface, these vortices are observed to refract downward, away from the interface. The critical interface strength below which vortex ring refraction is observed is given by $\log_{10}{(A/F)}= -2.38 \pm 0.05$.Comment: 26 pages, 11 figures; Submitted to Physical Review

Scattering-Angle Dependence of Doubly Differential Cross Sections for Fragmentation of H₂ by Proton Impact

We have measured double differential cross sections (DDCS) for proton fragment formation for fixed projectile energy losses as a function of projectile scattering angle in 75 keV p + H2 collisions. An oscillating pattern was observed in the angular dependence of the DDCS with a frequency about twice as large as what we found earlier for nondissociative ionization. Possible origins for this frequency doubling are discussed

Reconciliation of Measured Fully Differential Single Ionization Data with the First Born Approximation Convoluted with Elastic Scattering

An analysis of experimental fully differential data for single ionization in 100 MeV/amu C6++He collisions is reported. We present a convolution of the first Born approximation with elastic scattering by using an event generator technique. Furthermore, the calculation is convoluted with all known experimental resolutions. Our analysis shows that elastic scattering is a viable explanation for surprising structures observed in the fully differential cross sections outside the scattering plane. Furthermore, it may even explain discrepancies in the “recoil peak” frequently observed for both ion and electron impact

Multiple Scattering Mechanisms in Simultaneous Projectile-Electron and Target-Electron Ejection in H⁻ + He Collisions

We studied simultaneous electron ejection from both collision partners in 200-keV H-+He collisions in a kinematically complete experiment by measuring the fully momentum-analyzed recoil ions and both active electrons in coincidence. The data were analyzed in terms of Dalitz spectra, in which the momentum exchange between three particles is plotted simultaneously in a single spectrum. We found that the energy transfer occurs predominantly between the active electrons, but most of the momentum is exchanged in elastic scattering between the cores of the collision partners

MicroRNAs in Ewing's Sarcoma

Les tumeurs de la famille du sarcome d'Ewing (ESFTs) sont les deuxièmes plus fréquentes formes de cancer de l'os chez l'enfant et l'adolescent. Le gène de fusion EWS-FLI1 est associé à 85-90% des ESFTs. Ce cancer a probablement pour origine des cellules souches mésenchymateuses (MSCs). Il a en effet été démontré que les MSCs pédiatriques (hpMSCs) sont particulièrement permissives pour le gène de fusion EWS-FLI1 et que celui-ci induit des gènes de cellules souches embryonnaires. Ceci génère une sous-population de cellules présentant des caractéristiques de cellules souches cancéreuses de sarcome d'Ewing (ESFT CSCs) in vitro. Ces cellules reprogrammées n'ont pas de potentiel tumorigénique et un certain nombre de microARN ne sont pas réprimés ou exprimés comme dans un sarcome d'Ewing primaire et sa sous-population de CSCs. Parmi ces microARN on trouve en particulier les membres de la famille let-7 qui jouent un rôle clé dans le contrôle de l'état de différenciation des cellules et régulent de nombreux oncogènes. De plus, leur répression serait capable de favoriser la tumorigénèse. Tous les membres de la famille des microARNs let-7 ont un régulateur commun, la protéine lin-28, qui exerce notamment son action en bloquant la maturation de ces microARNs. Dans ce travail, il s'agira d'évaluer si la co-expression de EWS-FLI1 et de lin-28 dans des hpMSCs permet de créer une sous-population de cellules présentant les caractéristiques de ESFT CSCs. Nous évaluerons l'effet de lin-28 sur les membres de la famille des let7 dans les hpMSCs et apprécierons le potentiel tumorigénique in vivo des hpMSCs exprimant EWS-FLI1 et lin-28. L'outil « Targetscan » est un logiciel qui permet de prédire les cibles des microARN en analysant leur séquence et en la comparant à l'ARN messager 3' non transcrit. Pour les microARN de la famille des let-7, cet outil identifie des gènes cibles potentiels qui jouent un rôle important dans le sarcome d'Ewing. Nous évaluerons si ces protéines sont en effet régulées de façon let-7 dépendante et les conséquences sur la pathogénèse des ESFTs

Differential Double-Excitation Cross Sections in 50-150-keV Proton-Helium Collisions

We have measured projectile-energy-loss spectra for 50-, 100-, and 150-keV p+He collisions. From the data we obtained differential double-excitation cross sections as a function of projectile scattering angle. At 150 keV a pronounced peak structure was observed at about 0.7 mrad for double excitation to the (2p2) 1D and (2s2p) 1P states. Our data provide indications for the dominance of a first-order mechanism involving the electron-electron interaction in double excitation for 150 keV at small scattering angles. At lower projectile energies and larger scattering angles a second-order mechanism appears to be of the same order of magnitude as the first-order mechanism. In these regimes, interference effects between the first- and second-order mechanisms could be important

Functionalized 3D Architected Materials via Thiol-Michael Addition and Two-Photon Lithography

Fabrication of functionalized 3D architected materials is achieved by a facile method using functionalized acrylates synthesized via thiol-Michael addition, which are then polymerized using two-photon lithography. A wide variety of functional groups can be attached, from Boc-protected amines to fluoroalkanes. Modification of surface wetting properties and conjugation with fluorescent tags are demonstrated to highlight the potential applications of this technique

Differential Double Excitation Cross Sections in Proton-Helium Collisions Studied by Energy-Loss Spectroscopy

We have measured ion energy-loss spectra for 150 keV proton-helium collisions as a function of the projectile scattering angle. From the data we obtained double excitation cross sections differential in the proton scattering angle as well as the ratios of both double excitation and single ionization to single excitation. In these ratios pronounced peak structures are observed at about 0.7 mrad. Two alternative interpretations of these peak structures are offered: They may be due to binary collisions between the projectile and the target electrons, or they could be a manifestation of an interference between different transition amplitudes leading to the same final state of the collision

Triple-Differential Cross Sections for Target Ionization with Simultaneous Projectile Detachment in 200-keV H⁻ + He Collisions

We have performed a kinematically complete experiment for target ionization with simultaneous projectile detachment (TIPD) in 200-keV H− + He collisions. From the data we extracted triple-differential cross sections (TDCSs) for each electron separately. These TDCSs closely resemble corresponding data for single ionization by charged-particle impact. Surprisingly, the contributions from higher-order processes to TIPD, proceeding through two independent interactions of each electron with the core of the respective other collision partner, are found to be somewhat larger than the first-order process proceeding through the electron-electron interaction