Clues on the obscured active nucleus of NGC 1365

Copyright © European Southern Observatory (ESO) 1999We have analyzed optical spectra (ESO-CASPEC) from the composite starburst-Seyfert galaxy NGC 1365 taken on the nucleus and the following positions (relative to nucleus): 2 arcsec N, 2 arcsec W; 2 arcsec S; 4 arcsec S; 5 arcsec S; 10 arcsec S and 20 arcsec W. A nuclear broad-line component indicative of the AGN source is confirmed in Hβ and Hα . Narrow-line widths vary between 150 and 200 km s(-1) . Extranuclear line ratios in the observed regions are mostly consistent with the lines being formed in HII regions. One of the exceptions is a rise of [OIII]lambda5007 /Hβ from 0.5 to 5 within 5 arcsec (from west to east) across the nucleus suggesting the transition from gas ionized by stars to gas ionized by the active nucleus. Faint emission-line gas observed 20 arcsec W of the nucleus (called region II) shows line ratios lying in the AGN part of diagnostic diagrams. While at first glance shocks by bar streaming motions appear to be a suggestive explanation for these line ratios we stress that there is no positive evidence for the velocities > 300 km s(-1) required for this mechanism. Another, presently more likely, explanation is that region II belongs to the far cone of the bipolar nuclear outflow which can be glimpsed through the dusty disk. Photoionization of a single-density cloud system by a diluted AGN continuum reproduces the measured line ratios, but leads via the ionization parameter to an intrinsic Hα luminosity of the obscured AGN of ~ 10(42) erg s(-1) of which less than ~ 4% are observed in the central few arcseconds. Dust obscuration could explain Hα but its concomitant gas column cannot account for the lack of Seyfert-1 typical hard X-rays from the nucleus. Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, ChileHartmut Schulz, Stefanie Komossa, Clemens Schmitz, and Anita Muck

Herausforderungen und Fortschritte bei der Beschreibung überströmter Schallabsorber

Bei einer Vielzahl technischer Anwendungen von durchströmten Kanälen, wie z. B. Flugzeugtriebwerken, Lüftungsanlagen oder Abgasleitungen, werden akustische Wandauskleidungen, sogenannte Liner, als wirkungsvolles Mittel zur Lärmbekämpfung eingesetzt. Bei der Entwicklung solcher Liner ist es üblich, die Wand durch eine akustische Randbedingung, üblicherweise die Wandimpedanz, zu beschreiben. Die Schallabsorption eines beliebigen Liners kann dann leicht durch die reibungsfreien Schallfeldgleichungen samt Randbedingung vorhergesagt werden. Die- ser Zusammenhang verkompliziert sich allerdings erheblich, wenn die Wand wie in den o. g. technischen Anwendungen überströmt wird. Die im ruhenden Medium sehr kleinen Reibungseffekte, die sich in einer dünnen Wandgrenzschicht abspielen und von L. Cremer erstmals als Zusatz zur akustischen Randbedingung beschrieben worden sind, können drastisch anwachsen, da nun Zähigkeitskräfte entstehen, die das schallbedingt in die Wandöffnungen eindringende Medium abbremsen. Dieser Effekt wurde in den bisherigen Arbeiten zum großen Teil völlig vernachlässigt. Hier soll ein Einblick in die Etappen, Fortschritte und Schwierigkeiten bei der Modellierung dieses Problems gegeben werden

Direct Photomodification of Polymer Surfaces: Unleashing the Potential of Aryl-Azide Copolymers

International audienceThe possibility to impart surface properties to any polymeric substrate using a fast, reproducible, and industrially friendly procedure, without the need for surface pretreatment, is highly sought after. This is in particular true in the frame of antibacterial surfaces to hinder the threat of biofilm formation. In this study, the potential of aryl‐azide polymers for photofunctionalization and the importance of the polymer structure for an efficient grafting are demonstrated. The strategy is illustrated with a UV‐reactive hydrophilic poly(2‐oxazoline) based copolymer, which can be photografted onto any polymer substrate that contains carbon–hydrogen bonds to introduce antifouling properties. Through detailed characterization it is demonstrated that the controlled spatial distribution of the UV‐reactive aryl‐azide moieties within the poly(2‐oxazline) structure, in the form of pseudogradient copolymers, ensures higher grafting efficacy than other copolymer structures including block copolymers. Furthermore, it is found that the photografting results in a covalently bound layer, which is thermally stable and causes a significant antiadherence effect and biofilm reduction against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains while remaining noncytotoxic against mouse fibroblasts

Modelling of Acoustic Liners Consisting of Helmholtz Resonators Coupled with a Second Cavity by Flexible Walls

Acoustic liners are an effective way to dampen aircraft noise. Conventional single-degree-of-freedom liners consist of a perforated facesheet backed with a honeycomb structure and a rigid end plate. Their damping excels near their resonance frequency which is anti-proportional to the cavity depth (lambda/4-resonator) or the cavity volume (Helmholtz resonator). However, this is a challenge for low-frequency noise with long wavelengths due to the limited installation space. We therefore propose a resonator in which the back cavity is divided into two cavities by a flexible plate. The aim is to combine the damping mechanisms of the Helmholtz resonator with the material damping of the flexible plate. With carefully chosen parameters, this flexible plate resonates well below the Helmholtz frequency. We derived an analytic model based on waveguide theory to predict the impedance of the resonator concept. The Helmholtz equation was solved to (numerically) determine the scattering coefficients of a channel section in which one wall is lined with the predicted resonator impedance. The predicted dissipation agreed well with experimental data from measurements at the aero-acoustic wind tunnel DUCT-R

Modeling of Advanced Helmholtz Resonator Liners with a Flexible Wall

Acoustic liners are an effective way to dampen aircraft noise. Conventional single-degree-of-freedom liners consist of a perforated facesheet backed with a honeycomb structure and a rigid end plate. Their damping excels near their resonance frequency, which is antiproportional to the cavity depth (quarter-wave-resonator) or the cavity volume (Helmholtz resonator). However, this is a challenge for low-frequency noise with long wavelengths due to the limited installation space. We therefore propose a resonator in which the back cavity is divided into two cavities by a flexible plate. The aim is to combine the damping mechanisms of the Helmholtz resonator with the material damping of the flexible plate. With carefully chosen parameters, this flexible plate resonates well below the Helmholtz frequency. We derived an analytic model based on waveguide theory to predict the impedance of the resonator concept. The Helmholtz equation was solved to (numerically) determine the scattering coefficients of a channel section in which one wall is lined with the predicted resonator impedance. The predicted dissipation agreed well with experimental data from measurements at the aeroacoustic wind tunnel DUCT-R

2,2′-[1,5-Bis(4-amino­phen­yl)-1,5-dihydro­benzo[1,2-d;4,5-d′]diimidazole-2,6-di­yl]diphenol

The title mol­ecule, C32H24N6O2, has a crystallographic inversion centre in the middle of the benzodiimidazole core. It exists as the enol–imine tautomeric form and exhibits a strong intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. The dihedral angles between the planes of the 2-hy­droxy­phenyl and 4-amino­phenyl substituents and the plane of the benzodiimidazole unit [12.69 (8) and 84.71 (8)°, respectively] differ significantly due to steric reasons. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯π inter­actions, forming a two-dimensional network

Development and validation of the 15-STARS - A novel self-report pharmacy-based questionnaire to screen for medication non-adherence

Background Published scales measuring medication adherence are myriad. There is a need for a tool that guides towards downstream adherence interventions. Objective To develop and validate a self-report questionnaire able to detect modifiable determinants of medication non-adherence. Methods Workshops, surveys and meetings were used to identify items. Validation was performed in French and German (Switzerland) between March and April 2022. Face validation, content validation, construct validation, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed. The questionnaire was finalized in August 2022. Results The first draft in English included 13 items divided into four areas. Following translation, validation was performed with 144 patients (63 German-, 81 French-speaking) who were recruited in 35 community pharmacies. Acceptability was good (<5% missing data). Psychometric properties were acceptable with good content validity and moderate construct validity. Internal consistency was acceptable for the French version (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.71 [item 1–5] - 0.61 [item 6–9]) and less acceptable for the German version (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.43 [item 1–5] - 0.45 [item 6–9]). Test-retest was given for all items (r = 0.52 to 1.0) except item 10 in French (r = 0.25). The final instrument is a 15-item questionnaire called the 15-STARS (Screening Tool for AdheRence to medicineS) that assesses practical difficulties with medicine use, reasons for non-adherence, doses missed, and need for further help. Conclusions Our findings support the validity and clinical utility of the 15-STARS questionnaire. Reliability was inconclusive due to incoherent internal consistency, but explainable by the single-item nature of the scale. This new tool will enable the detection of patients who experience difficulties that negatively influence medication adherence. Pharmacists will be able to propose specific and tailored adherence interventions to the patients. Next steps will focus on evaluating its usefulness for developing targeted interventions that optimize medication adherence in routine care and research settings

Análise dos desafios para o empreendedorismo feminino no município de Marechal Cândido Rondon

Entrepreneurship is an alternative to the labor market for thousands of people around the world. In this sense, it´s worth mentioning that female entrepreneurship is a trend that has been growing over the years. Given this place, this research was based on the following question: what are the main challenges faced by female entrepreneurs in the Marechal Cândido Rondon city? In order to answer this question, this article aims to identify and analyze the main challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in the city of Marechal Cândido Rondon in relation to their businesses. The methodology for the development of this article used techniques and tools such as survey research, descriptive analysis, and a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative). To this end, a questionnaire was prepared with 16 objective questions and 4 open-ended questions, in order to obtain the characterization of the entrepreneurs, their businesses, and the respective challenges they face. The results showed that the biggest challenge for women is to reconcile family with professional lives. Thus, many suffer from the lack of a support network to help with house chores or even when their children and/or husband get sick. Therefore, based on what was analyzed throughout the study, it was possible to conclude that success in business, by means of facing challenges, depends on individual resilience and family support, whether from spouses, parents, or friends, which contributes to women having more time to dedicate to their own mental health and to business.O empreendedorismo se mostra como uma alternativa ao mercado de trabalho para milhares de pessoas em todo mundo. Nesse sentido, cabe citar que o empreendedorismo feminino é uma tendência que vem crescendo ao longo dos anos. Diante desse cenário, a presente pesquisa foi embasada na seguinte questão: quais os principais desafios enfrentados pelas empreendedoras do município de Marechal Cândido Rondon? De maneira a responder a tal problemática, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar os principais desafios enfrentados pelas mulheres empreendedoras do município de Marechal Cândido Rondon em relação a seus negócios. A metodologia para o desenvolvimento deste artigo utilizou-se de técnicas e ferramentas como a pesquisa survey, a análise descritiva e de abordagem mista (quanti e qualitativa). Para tanto, foi elaborado um questionário com 16 perguntas objetivas e 4 perguntas abertas, de modo a obter a caracterização das empreendedoras, de seus negócios e dos respectivos desafios enfrentados. Os resultados demonstraram que o maior desafio para as mulheres é conciliar a vida familiar com a vida profissional. Assim, muitas sofrem com a falta de uma rede de apoio para auxiliar em tarefas de casa ou mesmo quando filhos e/ou marido ficam doentes. Portanto, a partir do que foi analisado ao longo do trabalho, foi possível concluir que o sucesso nos negócios, por meio do enfretamento dos desafios, depende da resiliência individual e do apoio familiar, seja do cônjuge, de pais ou amigos, o que contribui para que a mulher possa ter mais tempo para se dedicar à sua própria saúde mental e aos negócios

IFAR liner benchmark challenge #1 – DLR impedance eduction of uniform and axially segmented liners and comparison with NASA results

This paper presents the contribution from the German Aerospace Center (DLR) to the first liner benchmark challenge under the framework of the International Forum for Aviation Research (IFAR). Therefore, two sets of acoustically damping wall treatments, called ‘liner samples’, have been produced by additive manufacturing based on the design data provided by NASA coordinating this benchmark. These liner samples have been integrated and acoustically characterized in the liner flow test facility DUCT-R at DLR Berlin as well as in the liner flow test facility GFIT at NASA Langley. Besides the dissipation coefficients and the axial pressure profiles, the liner wall impedance was educed by first determining the axial wave numbers and then applying a straightforward method based on the one-dimensional Convected Helmholtz Equation. Finally, the comparison of the liner impedance values to the NASA results show a fairly good agreement

The impact and rotational lightcurves of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

UVES and HIRES high-resolution spectra of comet 9P/Tempel 1 are used to investigate the impact and rotational light curves of various species with a view toward building a simple model of the distribution and activity of the sources. The emission by OH, NH, CN, C3, CH, C2, NH2 and OI, are analyzed, as well as the light scattered by the dust. It is found that a simple model reproduces fairly well the impact lightcurves of all species combining the production of the observed molecules and the expansion of the material throughout the slit. The rotational light curve for each species is explained in terms of a single model with three sources.Comment: 34 pages, 11 figures Accepted for publication in the special issue of Icarus associated with the Deep Impact mission to Comet 9P/Tempel