Effizienz von Qualifizierungs- und Arbeitsbeschaffungsmaßnahmen in Ostdeutschland

This paper evaluates job creation schemes and further training in East Germany for the period 1990-1998. We identify the causal effect of the treatment-on-the-treated by a two-step procedure: First, we apply the matching technique based on estimated propensity scores. Secondly, we use the Difference-in-Differences estimator. Hereby, we take especially consideration on Ashenfelter s Dip, which characterize a significant decrease in the participants employment shortly before the start of a program. This can be assumed to be related to the anticipation of the participation.

Etuaptmumk (Two-Eyed Seeing) and Ethical Space: Ways to Disrupt Health Researchers’ Colonial Attraction to a Singular Biomedical Worldview

Indigenous research on Turtle Island has existed for millennia, where knowledge(s) to work with the land and its inhabitants are available for next generations. These knowledge systems exist today but are rarely viewed as valid biomedical ‘facts’ and so are silenced. When Indigenous knowledge is solicited within health research, the knowledge system is predominantly an ‘add-on’ or is assimilated into Western understandings. We discuss disrupting this colonial state for nurse researchers. Two concepts rooted in Indigenous teachings and knowledges, Etuaptmumk (Two-Eyed Seeing) and Ethical Space, shed light on ways to disrupt health researchers’ attraction to a singular worldview which continue to privilege Western perspectives. Knowledge rooted in diverse knowledge systems is required to challenge colonial relations in health research and practice. A synergy between Etuaptmumk and Ethical Space can support working with both Indigenous and biomedical knowledge systems in health research and enhance reconciliation

Places & Spaces: A Critical Analysis of Cancer Disparities and Access to Cancer Care Among First Nations Peoples in Canada

Despite advancements in research and medicine, health inequities and disparities among First Nations peoples (FN) in Canada are well documented and continue to grow. Once virtually unheard of, cancer now is a leading cause of death among FN. Many factors contribute to cancer disparities, but FN face unique challenges in accessing healthcare. In this critical review and analysis, we explore potential links between cancer disparities and poor access to cancer care among FN. Research suggests FN experience difficulty accessing cancer services in several ‘places’ of care, including screening, diagnosis, treatment, survivorship and palliative care. Furthermore, there are notable ‘spaces’ or gaps both within and between these ‘places’ of care likely contributing to cancer disparities among First Nations. Gaps in care result from jurisdictional ambiguities, geographical location, unsafe social spaces, and marginalization of FN ways of knowing, and can be linked to colonial and neocolonial policies and ideologies. By drawing attention to these broader structural influences on health, we aim to challenge discourses that attribute growing cancer disparities among FN in Canada solely to increases in ‘risk factors’

HARALD MED TROMPETEN - GENSIDIG PÅVIRKNING MELLEM GENERATIONER I 40 PLEJEFAMILIER OMKRING 1900

Harald med trompeten. Gensidig påvirkning mellem generationer i 40 plejefamilier omkring 1900Annette Østergaard SchultzRigsarkivet, Viborg, E-mail: [email protected] den demokratisering af historieforskningen, som tog fart fra 1970’erne, har også barndomshistorien haft en vis, om end beskeden, plads. Allerede i 1970 gjorde den norske historiker Edvard Bull opmærksom på, at når det var interessant at se på usynlige grupper i historien, skyldtes det blandt andet, at overførslen af erfaringer fra generation til generation måtte indtage en væsentlig plads i samfundsudviklingen. Med 40 plejebørn og deres plejefamilier som undersøgelsesområde er overførsler mellem generationer et hovedspørgsmål i denne artikel, men frem for udelukkende at se overførslen som forældregenerationens ensidige påvirkning af børnene, gives der plads til at se en gensidighed i generationsoverførslerne. Det er de 40 10-16 årige plejebørn, der er i fokus: Hvordan reagerede de på anbringelsen fjernt fra deres oprindelige miljø – og hvordan agerede de i plejehjemmet. Fire typiske handle-mønstre er indkredset, og der kan konstateres afhængigheder i forhold til køn og til miljøskiftets karakter. Selv om artiklen ikke direkte påviser, hvordan børnene påvirkede plejeforældre og andre voksne, så sandsynliggør den dog, at det skete – og gør børnene synlige som mennesker, der med mikrobidrag kan være med til at skabe historien

Aktivitäten ostdeutscher und ungarischer Haushalte in der Transformation

"In unserem Beitrag wollen wir Aspekte der sozialen Lage und Aktivitätsunterschiede ostdeutscher und ungarischer Haushalte in ausgewählten Bereichen vergleichen. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob bestimmte Gemeinsamkeiten gesellschaftlicher Strukturen, wie sie vor 1990 vorhanden waren, nachwirken. Gleichzeitig soll untersucht werden, welche Aktivitäten ostdeutsche und ungarische Haushalte zur Sicherung und Verbesserung ihrer sozialen Lage wählen, um auf die tiefgreifenden gesellschaftlichen Umbruchprozesse zu reagieren. Uns interessiert dabei besonders, ob einzelne Haushaltstypen in Ostdeutschland und Ungarn unterschiedlich agieren. Bei der Betrachtung von Aktivitätsfeldern findet vor allem eine Konzentration auf jene Bereiche statt, die mit der wirtschaftlichen Situation der Haushalte in engem Zusammenhang stehen. Dabei werden demographische Veränderungen, die Erwerbs- und Nebenerwerbstätigkeit, verschiedene Formen der Eigenarbeit, die Bereitschaft, sich selbständig zu machen, sowie die Umzugsbereitschaft zwecks Arbeitsaufnahme untersucht. Als Datenbasis verwenden wir Daten der amtlichen Statistik und jeweils für Ostdeutschland und Ungarn 1993 repräsentative Erhebungen. Für Ungarn steht uns hierbei das ungarische Haushaltspanel zur Verfügung. Die ostdeutschen Daten beruhen auf dem Sozio-ökonomischen Panel." (Autorenreferat

Smoking and Blindness What Optometrists Want their Patients to See

Most smokers are not aware that their tobacco use is a preventable cause of blindness. Despite the important role optometrists can have impacting patient health choices; their voice has been largely silent in the development of tobacco cessation practice guidelines and health promotion strategies. In this study, we use the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC) Four Country Survey to describe the level of Canadian smokers’ knowledge of the association of smoking with blindness and we use focus groups to elicit ideas from Canadian optometrists and senior optometry students about blindness-related graphic warning labels

Paraneoplastic Autoimmunity in Thymus Tumors

Autoimmune phenomena are more frequent in thymic epithelial tumors (TET) than in any other human tumor. Mysthenia gravis (MG) is by far the most common autoimmune disease in thymoma patients. MG is characterized by muscle weakness due to autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), and CD4 +AChR-specific T cells play a pivotal role for the production of these autoantibodies. About 10% of MG patients have a thymoma and, interestingly, only such thymomas exhibit an MG association that maintains thymuslike morphological and functional features with respect to the homing and differentiation of immature T cells. Since AChR protein is not expressed in thymomas, the specificity of the autoimmunity in thymoma-associated MG is thought to be determined by nonreceptor proteins with AChR epitopes. Such proteins are overexpressed in cortical-type MG-associated thymomas, and medullary thymomas express these proteins at barely detectable levels. Aside from this quantitative difference, the pathogenesis of anti-AChR autoimmunity might be qualitatively different in these thymoma subtypes. Our findings suggest that an antigen-specific abnormal Tcell selection by cortical-type TET may contribute to the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic MG. In contrast, an abnormal (intratumorous) activation of autoreactive T cells may be operative in medullary thymomas

Remembering Dr. Benita Cohen: A tribute to a life well-lived

To honor the legacy of Dr. Benita Cohen, this special volume of Witness: The Canadian Journal of Critical Nursing Discourses is dedicated in remembrance of her. This Invited Commentary reflects on Benita’s career, passions, personality and key contributions to public health and  nursing. Dr. Cohen was an exceptional nurse, researcher, educator, mentor, and health policy consultant. Her vision has shaped the fields of public health and community health nursing, and her impact will be felt for many generations to come.