13,140 research outputs found
Neural control of vocalization in bats: mapping of brainstem areas with electrical microstimulation eliciting species-specific echolocation calls in the rufous horseshoe bat
1. The functional role of brainstem structures in the emission of echolocation calls was investigated in the rufous horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, with electrical low-current microstimulation procedures. 2. Vocalizations without temporal and/or spectral distortions could be consistently elicited at low threshold currents (typically below 10 A) within three clearly circumscribed brainstem areas, namely, the deep layers and ventral parts of the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (SC), the deep mesencephalic nucleus (NMP) in the dorsal and lateral midbrain reticular formation and in a distinct area medial to the rostral parts of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. The mean latencies in the three vocal areas between the start of the electrical stimulus and the elicited vocalizations were 47 msec, 38 msec and 31 msec, respectively. 3. In pontine regions and the cuneiform nucleus adjacent to these three vocal areas, thresholds for eliciting vocalizations were also low, but the vocalizations showed temporal and/or spectral distortions and were often accompanied or followed by arousal of the animal. 4. Stimulus intensity systematically influenced vocalization parameters at only a few brain sites. In the caudo-ventra1 portions of the deep superior colliculus the sound pressure level of the vocalizations systematically increased with stimulus intensity. Bursts of multiple vocalizations were induced at locations ventral to the rostral parts of the cuneiform nucleus. No stimulus-intensity dependent frequency changes of the emitted vocalizations were observed. 5. The respiratory cycle was synchronized to the electrical stimuli in all regions where vocalizations could be elicited as well as in more ventrally and medially adjacent areas not yielding vocalizations on stimulation. 6. The possible functional involvement of the vocal structures in the audio-vocal feedback system of the Dopplercompensating horseshoe bat is discussed
BoA: a versatile software for bolometer data reduction
Together with the development of the Large APEX Bolometer Camera (LABOCA) for
the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX), a new data reduction package has been
written. This software naturally interfaces with the telescope control system,
and provides all functionalities for the reduction, analysis and visualization
of bolometer data. It is used at APEX for real time processing of observations
performed with LABOCA and other bolometer arrays, providing feedback to the
observer. Written in an easy-to-script language, BoA is also used offline to
reduce APEX continuum data. In this paper, the general structure of this
software is presented, and its online and offline capabilities are described.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
XUUDB MANUAL
The XUUDB server is Attribute Source implementation which can be used by UNICORE servers. It is used to map user credentials (an X509 certificate or X500 distinguished name) to authorization and incarnation attribut
Vokalisation verändert das Antwortmuster akustischer Neurone im Colliculus Inferior der Großen Hufeisennase
Facilitation and delay sensitivity of auditory cortex neurons in CF-FM bats, Rhinolopus rouxi and Pteronotus p. parnellii
UNICORE COMMANDLINE CLIENT: USER MANUAL
The UNICORE Commandline client (UCC) is a full-featured client for the UNICORE Grid middlewar
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