Gene profile analysis of osteoblast genes differentially regulated by histone deacetylase inhibitors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Osteoblast differentiation requires the coordinated stepwise expression of multiple genes. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) accelerate the osteoblast differentiation process by blocking the activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs), which alter gene expression by modifying chromatin structure. We previously demonstrated that HDIs and HDAC3 shRNAs accelerate matrix mineralization and the expression of osteoblast maturation genes (e.g. alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin). Identifying other genes that are differentially regulated by HDIs might identify new pathways that contribute to osteoblast differentiation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To identify other osteoblast genes that are altered early by HDIs, we incubated MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts with HDIs (trichostatin A, MS-275, or valproic acid) for 18 hours in osteogenic conditions. The promotion of osteoblast differentiation by HDIs in this experiment was confirmed by osteogenic assays. Gene expression profiles relative to vehicle-treated cells were assessed by microarray analysis with Affymetrix GeneChip 430 2.0 arrays. The regulation of several genes by HDIs in MC3T3-E1 cells and primary osteoblasts was verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Nine genes were differentially regulated by at least two-fold after exposure to each of the three HDIs and six were verified by PCR in osteoblasts. Four of the verified genes (solute carrier family 9 isoform 3 regulator 1 (Slc9a3r1), sorbitol dehydrogenase 1, a kinase anchor protein, and glutathione S-transferase alpha 4) were induced. Two genes (proteasome subunit, beta type 10 and adaptor-related protein complex AP-4 sigma 1) were suppressed. We also identified eight growth factors and growth factor receptor genes that are significantly altered by each of the HDIs, including Frizzled related proteins 1 and 4, which modulate the Wnt signaling pathway.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study identifies osteoblast genes that are regulated early by HDIs and indicates pathways that might promote osteoblast maturation following HDI exposure. One gene whose upregulation following HDI treatment is consistent with this notion is Slc9a3r1. Also known as NHERF1, Slc9a3r1 is required for optimal bone density. Similarly, the regulation of Wnt receptor genes indicates that this crucial pathway in osteoblast development is also affected by HDIs. These data support the hypothesis that HDIs regulate the expression of genes that promote osteoblast differentiation and maturation.</p

ESTRESSE, DOR E LESÕES MÚSCULO-ESQUELÉTICAS EM PROFESSORES DE CASCAVEL – PR

Esta pesquisa aborda o adoecimento de professores com o objetivo de identificar as doen&ccedil;as que t&ecirc;m causado seus afastamentos do trabalho na Rede Municipal de Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o de Cascavel, PR. Foram realizados levantamentos em atestados m&eacute;dicos cadastrados no ano de 2014 junto &agrave; Divis&atilde;o de Medicina e Seguran&ccedil;a do trabalho da Prefeitura Municipal de Cascavel para uma an&aacute;lise quanti-qualitativa, por meio da t&eacute;cnica de an&aacute;lise de conte&uacute;do de Laurence Bardin (2011). A an&aacute;lise dos atestados cadastrados evidenciou que dos 394 atestados averiguados 96 % eram de professoras, a idade m&eacute;dia foi de 41,83 anos e as doen&ccedil;as mais recorrentes foram Transtornos Mentais ou Emocionais (25,38%), Traumas e Contus&otilde;es (22,84%) e Dist&uacute;rbios M&uacute;sculo Esquel&eacute;ticos (13,95%)

CARTA ABERTA DE MICHEL MAFFESOLI DIANTE DA AVALIAÇÃO DA CAPES

O professor Michel Maffesoli, Sociólogo da Universidade de Sorbonne (na cadeira que pertencera a Emile Durkheim) e diretor do Centro de Estudos sobre o Atual e o Cotidiano, o CEAq (Centre d´Etude sur l´Actuel et le Quotidien), nos enviou em 31 de julho deste ano uma nota na qual expressa a sua perplexidade em relação à lógica quantitativa apresentada na avaliação de periódicos da CAPES e a classificação das revistas « Sociétés » e Cahiers Européens de l’Imaginaire

A LÓGICA EMPRESARIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO E SEUS IMPACTOS NA ELABORAÇÃO DOS CURRICULOS ESCOLARES

Este trabalho tem como objetivo elencar uma discussão sobre a lógica empresarial no âmbito das reformas e políticas educacionais, buscando evidenciar os impactos que tais reformas engendram na elaboração e implementação dos currículos escolares. Para tanto assinalamos os aspectos da lógica de organização empresarial, explicitando como o mercado econômico e as relações público e privado interferem na regulação das políticas e reformas. Em seguida realizamos uma discussão sobre currículo, estabelecendo uma breve análise sobre os princípios norteadores da Reforma Curricular da Educação Básica, definida como Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), aprovada em 2017. Concluímos que a BNCC expressa em seu bojo os preceitos da lógica de organização empresarial, e incorre no progressivo esvaziamento de conteúdos, perda da especificidade da escola como espaço de socialização de conhecimento e conduz a descaracterização da função do professor

EL TRABAJO DOCENTE Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA ENFERMEDAD: PERCEPCIONES DE DOCENTES DE SECUNDARIA EN LA RED PÚBLICA

O estudo teve por objetivo conhecer a percepção dos professores do ensino médio do município de Cascavel/PR sobre o processo de saúde e doença no cotidiano do trabalho. Utilizou-se um roteiro semiestruturado para coleta dos dados, aplicado na forma de entrevistas e analisados por meio da Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Constatou-se que 66,7% dos professores exercem suas atividades nos períodos da manhã e tarde, e que 53,3% deles arcam com uma carga laboral semanal de 40 horas, o que representa uma jornada de trabalho exaustiva, pois eles exercem outras funções que não estão vinculadas à docência. Diante desse contexto, os professores adoecem devido uma conjunção de fatores, e consequentemente, tendo que desenvolver as atividades laborais mesmos doentes, conforme afirmado por 100% dos entrevistados. E dentre os problemas de saúde relatados os principais são as doenças de ordem musculoesqueléticas, enxaquecas e estresse. Infere-se que as condições de trabalho adversas resultantes da desvalorização profissional, da estrutura física inadequada, do excesso de alunos em sala, da dupla jornada e da sobrecarga de trabalho, entre outros, são causas que levam ao adoecimento dos professores. Diante dessa complexidade, ou seja, desse caleidoscópio do processo de saúde e doença, constatou-se que esse fenômeno extrapola o corpo físico e biológico. Assim, portanto, ao olhar para esse sujeito é necessário ponderar também o contexto em que está inserido, bem como, seus valores, crenças, sentidos e percepções, para então planejar e promover ações que visem à redução de vulnerabilidades e de riscos à saúde no ambiente de trabalho.The study aimed to know the perception of high school teachers in the city of Cascavel/PR about the health and disease process in their daily work. A semi-structured script was used for data collection, applied in the form of interviews and analyzed using the Content Analysis Technique. It was found that 66.7% of the teachers carry out their activities in the morning and afternoon, and that 53.3% of them have a weekly workload of 40 hours, which represents an exhausting workday, as they carry out other activities. functions that are not linked to teaching. In this context, teachers get sick due to a combination of factors, and consequently, having to carry out work activities with the same patients, as stated by 100% of the interviewees. And among the health problems reported, the main ones are musculoskeletal diseases, migraines and stress. It is inferred that adverse working conditions resulting from professional devaluation, inadequate physical structure, excess students in the classroom, double shifts and work overload, among others, are causes that lead to illness among teachers. Given this complexity, that is, this kaleidoscope of the health and disease process, it was found that this phenomenon goes beyond the physical and biological body. Therefore, when looking at this subject, it is also necessary to consider the context in which they are inserted, as well as their values, beliefs, meanings and perceptions, in order to plan and promote actions aimed at reducing vulnerabilities and health risks in the environment desktop.El estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer la percepción de los profesores de enseñanza media del municipio de Cascavel/PR sobre el proceso de salud y enfermedad en su cotidiano de trabajo. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un guión semiestructurado, aplicado en forma de entrevistas y analizado mediante la Técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Se encontró que el 66,7% de los docentes realizan sus actividades en horario de mañana y tarde, y que el 53,3% de ellos tienen una carga laboral semanal de 40 horas, lo que representa una jornada laboral agotadora, y muchas veces tener que realizar actividades laborales con los mismos pacientes , según el 100% de los encuestados. Entre los problemas de salud reportados, los principales son las enfermedades musculoesqueléticas, las migrañas y el estrés. Se infiere que las adversas condiciones de trabajo producto de la desvalorización profesional, la inadecuada estructura física, el exceso de alumnos en el aula, la doble jornada y la sobrecarga de trabajo, entre otras, son causas que conducen a la enfermedad de los docentes. Ante esta complejidad, es decir, este caleidoscopio del proceso de salud y enfermedad, se constató que este fenómeno va más allá del cuerpo físico y biológico. Así que al mirar esto profesor, también es necesario considerar el contexto en el que se inserta, así como sus valores, creencias, significados y percepciones, a fin de planificar y promover acciones encaminadas a reducir las vulnerabilidades y riesgos para la salud en el trabajo

Complete Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity in a large cohort of patients with early multiple sclerosis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a large cohort of patients with early multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 901 patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) participating in the German National MS cohort, a prospective cohort of patients with early MS with stringent inclusion criteria. Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1 and viral capsid antigen (VCA) antibodies were measured in diluted sera by chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs). Sera of EBNA-1 and VCA antibody-negative patients were retested undiluted by an EBV IgG immunoblot. For comparison, we retrospectively analysed the EBV seroprevalence across different age cohorts, ranging from 0 to >80 years, in a large hospital population (N=16 163) from Berlin/Northern Germany. RESULTS: EBNA-1 antibodies were detected by CLIA in 839 of 901 patients with CIS/RRMS. Of the 62 patients without EBNA-1 antibodies, 45 had antibodies to VCA as detected by CLIA. In all of the remaining 17 patients, antibodies to EBV were detected by immunoblot. Altogether, 901 of 901 (100%) patients with CIS/RRMS were EBV-seropositive. EBV seropositivity increased with age in the hospital population but did not reach 100% in any of the investigated age cohorts. CONCLUSION: The complete EBV seropositivity in this large cohort of patients with early MS strengthens the evidence for a role of EBV in MS. It also suggests that a negative EBV serology in patients with suspected inflammatory central nervous system disease should alert clinicians to consider diagnoses other than MS

Effects of Mountain Pine Beetle on Fuels and Expected Fire Behavior in Lodgepole Pine Forests, Colorado, USA

In Colorado and southern Wyoming, mountain pine beetle (MPB) has affected over 1.6 million ha of predominantly lodgepole pine forests, raising concerns about effects of MPB-caused mortality on subsequent wildfire risk and behavior. Using empirical data we modeled potential fire behavior across a gradient of wind speeds and moisture scenarios in Green stands compared three stages since MPB attack (Red [1–3 yrs], Grey [4–10 yrs], and Old-MPB [∼30 yrs]). MPB killed 50% of the trees and 70% of the basal area in Red and Grey stages. Across moisture scenarios, canopy fuel moisture was one-third lower in Red and Grey stages compared to the Green stage, making active crown fire possible at lower wind speeds and less extreme moisture conditions. More-open canopies and high loads of large surface fuels due to treefall in Grey and Old-MPB stages significantly increased surface fireline intensities, facilitating active crown fire at lower wind speeds (>30–55 km/hr) across all moisture scenarios. Not accounting for low foliar moistures in Red and Grey stages, and large surface fuels in Grey and Old-MPB stages, underestimates the occurrence of active crown fire. Under extreme burning conditions, minimum wind speeds for active crown fire were 25–35 km/hr lower for Red, Grey and Old-MPB stands compared to Green. However, if transition to crown fire occurs (outside the stand, or within the stand via ladder fuels or wind gusts >65 km/hr), active crown fire would be sustained at similar wind speeds, suggesting observed fire behavior may not be qualitatively different among MPB stages under extreme burning conditions. Overall, the risk (probability) of active crown fire appears elevated in MPB-affected stands, but the predominant fire hazard (crown fire) is similar across MPB stages and is characteristic of lodgepole pine forests where extremely dry, gusty weather conditions are key factors in determining fire behavior