6,383 research outputs found
Temperature dependent fluorescence in disordered Frenkel chains: interplay of equilibration and local band-edge level structure
We model the optical dynamics in linear Frenkel exciton systems governed by
scattering on static disorder and lattice vibrations, and calculate the
temperature dependent fluorescence spectrum and lifetime. The fluorescence
Stokes shift shows a nonmonotonic behavior with temperature, which derives from
the interplay of the local band-edge level structure and thermal equilibration.
The model yields excellent fits to experiments performed on linear dye
aggregates.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
High definition systems in Japan
The successful implementation of a strategy to produce high-definition systems within the Japanese economy will favorably affect the fundamental competitiveness of Japan relative to the rest of the world. The development of an infrastructure necessary to support high-definition products and systems in that country involves major commitments of engineering resources, plants and equipment, educational programs and funding. The results of these efforts appear to affect virtually every aspect of the Japanese industrial complex. The results of assessments of the current progress of Japan toward the development of high-definition products and systems are presented. The assessments are based on the findings of a panel of U.S. experts made up of individuals from U.S. academia and industry, and derived from a study of the Japanese literature combined with visits to the primary relevant industrial laboratories and development agencies in Japan. Specific coverage includes an evaluation of progress in R&D for high-definition television (HDTV) displays that are evolving in Japan; high-definition standards and equipment development; Japanese intentions for the use of HDTV; economic evaluation of Japan's public policy initiatives in support of high-definition systems; management analysis of Japan's strategy of leverage with respect to high-definition products and systems
Beam Profile Measurements and Simulations of the PETRA Laser-Wire
The Laser-wire will be an essential diagnostic tool at the International
Linear Collider. It uses a finely focussed laser beam to measure the transverse
profile of electron bunches by detecting the Compton-scattered photons (or
degraded electrons) downstream of where the laser beam intersects the electron
beam. Such a system has been installed at the PETRA storage ring at DESY, which
uses a piezo-driven mirror to scan the laser-light across the electron beam.
Lat- est results of experimental data taking are presented and compared to
detailed simulations using the Geant4 based program BDSIM.Comment: 3 pagesm 4 figures. Submitted as a conference paper for the Particle
Accelerator Conference 2005 (PAC05
Bulge growth through disk instabilities in high-redshift galaxies
The role of disk instabilities, such as bars and spiral arms, and the
associated resonances, in growing bulges in the inner regions of disk galaxies
have long been studied in the low-redshift nearby Universe. There it has long
been probed observationally, in particular through peanut-shaped bulges. This
secular growth of bulges in modern disk galaxies is driven by weak,
non-axisymmetric instabilities: it mostly produces pseudo-bulges at slow rates
and with long star-formation timescales. Disk instabilities at high redshift
(z>1) in moderate-mass to massive galaxies (10^10 to a few 10^11 Msun of stars)
are very different from those found in modern spiral galaxies. High-redshift
disks are globally unstable and fragment into giant clumps containing 10^8-10^9
Msun of gas and stars each, which results in highly irregular galaxy
morphologies. The clumps and other features associated to the violent
instability drive disk evolution and bulge growth through various mechanisms,
on short timescales. The giant clumps can migrate inward and coalesce into the
bulge in a few 10^8 yr. The instability in the very turbulent media drives
intense gas inflows toward the bulge and nuclear region. Thick disks and
supermassive black holes can grow concurrently as a result of the violent
instability. This chapter reviews the properties of high-redshift disk
instabilities, the evolution of giant clumps and other features associated to
the instability, and the resulting growth of bulges and associated sub-galactic
components.Comment: 37 pages, 9 figures. Invited refereed review to appear in "Galactic
Bulges", E. Laurikainen, D. Gadotti, R. Peletier (eds.), Springe
Faint InfraRed Extragalactic Survey: Data and Source Catalogue of the MS1054-03 field
We present deep near-infrared Js, H, and Ks band imaging of a field around
MS1054-03, a massive cluster at z=0.83. The observations were carried out with
ISAAC at the ESO VLT as part of the Faint InfraRed Extragalactic Survey
(FIRES). The total integration time amounts to 25.9h in Js, 24.4h in H, and
26.5h in Ks, divided nearly equally between four pointings covering 5.5'x5.3'.
The 3-sigma total limiting AB magnitudes for point sources from the shallowest
to deepest pointing are Js=26.0-26.2, H=25.5-25.8, and Ks=25.3-25.7. The
effective spatial resolution of the coadded images has FWHM=0.48", 0.46", and
0.52" in Js, H, and Ks. We complemented the ISAAC data with deep optical
imaging using existing HST WFPC2 mosaics in the F606W and F814W filters and new
U, B and V band data from VLT FORS1. We constructed a Ks-band limited
multicolour source catalogue to Ks(total,AB)=25 (about 5-sigma for point
sources). The catalogue contains 1858 objects, of which 1663 have eight-band
photometry. We describe the observations, data reduction, source detection and
photometric measurements method. We present the number counts, colour
distributions, and photometric redshifts z_ph of the catalogue sources. We find
that our counts at the faint end 22<Ks(AB)<25, with slope dlog(N)/dm=0.20, lie
at the flatter end of published counts in other deep fields and are consistent
with those we derived in the HDF-South, the other FIRES field. Spectroscopic
redshifts z_sp are available for about 330 sources in the MS1054-03 field;
comparison between the z_ph and z_sp shows very good agreement, with
=0.078. The MS1054-03 field observations complement our
HDF-South data set with nearly five times larger area at about 0.7 brighter
magnitudes. [ABRIDGED]Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. 32 pages, 14
b/w figures, 1 color figur
Chiral symmetry breaking in dimensionally regularized nonperturbative quenched QED
In this paper we study dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in dimensionally
regularized quenched QED within the context of Dyson-Schwinger equations. In D
< 4 dimensions the theory has solutions which exhibit chiral symmetry breaking
for all values of the coupling. To begin with, we study this phenomenon both
numerically and, with some approximations, analytically within the rainbow
approximation in the Landau gauge. In particular, we discuss how to extract the
critical coupling alpha_c = pi/3 relevant in four dimensions from the D
dimensional theory. We further present analytic results for the chirally
symmetric solution obtained with the Curtis-Pennington vertex as well as
numerical results for solutions exhibiting chiral symmetry breaking. For these
we demonstrate that, using dimensional regularization, the extraction of the
critical coupling relevant for this vertex is feasible. Initial results for
this critical coupling are in agreement with cut-off based work within the
currently achievable numerical precision.Comment: 24 pages, including 5 figures; submitted to Phys. Rev.
Do interactions increase or reduce the conductance of disordered electrons? It depends!
We investigate the influence of electron-electron interactions on the
conductance of two-dimensional disordered spinless electrons. By using an
efficient numerical method which is based on exact diagonalization in a
truncated basis of Hartree-Fock states we are able to determine the exact
low-energy properties of comparatively large systems in the diffusive as well
as in the localized regimes. We find that weak interactions increase the d.c.
conductance in the localized regime while they decrease the d.c. conductance in
the diffusive regime. Strong interactions always decrease the conductance. We
also study the localization of single-particle excitations close to the Fermi
energy which turns out to be only weakly influenced by the interactions.Comment: final version as publsihed, 4 pages REVTEX, 6 EPS figures include
- …