63 research outputs found
Revisiting Interview Data Through a Post I-Poem
A former participant in a research study on adolescent writers was invited to read and respond to a Post-I-Poem (PIP), a poetic transcription constructed from her interview data in what is now a closed study. The purpose of this investigation was to explore what could be learned from doing a PIP in the first place and what lines of inquiry this investigation could raise for why a researcher might revisit old interview data. Analysis of one student’s PIP suggests that using poetic transcription to revisit retired transcriptions offers researchers potentially new directions for further study
Spin density encodes intramolecular singlet exciton fission in pentacene dimers.
The formation of two triplet excitons at the cost of one photon via singlet exciton fission in organic semiconductors can potentially enhance the photocurrent in photovoltaic devices. However, the role of spin density distribution in driving this photophysical process has been unclear until now. Here we present the significance of electronic spin density distribution in facilitating efficient intramolecular singlet exciton fission (iSEF) in π-bridged pentacene dimers. We synthetically modulate the spin density distribution in a series of pentacene dimers using phenyl-, thienyl- and selenyl- flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives as π-bridges. Using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we find that efficient iSEF is only observed for the phenyl-derivative in ~2.4 ps while absent in the other two dimers. Electronic structure calculations reveal that phenyl-DPP bridge localizes α- and β-spin densities on distinct terminal pentacenes. Upon photoexcitation, a spin exchange mechanism enables iSEF from a singlet state which has an innate triplet pair character
Bereavement support for children: Effectiveness of Camp Erin from an occupational therapy perspective
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Identification of Distinct Clinical Subphenotypes in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19.
BackgroundSubphenotypes have been identified in patients with sepsis and ARDS and are associated with different outcomes and responses to therapies.Research questionCan unique subphenotypes be identified among critically ill patients with COVID-19?Study design and methodsUsing data from a multicenter cohort study that enrolled critically ill patients with COVID-19 from 67 hospitals across the United States, we randomly divided centers into discovery and replication cohorts. We used latent class analysis independently in each cohort to identify subphenotypes based on clinical and laboratory variables. We then analyzed the associations of subphenotypes with 28-day mortality.ResultsLatent class analysis identified four subphenotypes (SP) with consistent characteristics across the discovery (45 centers; n = 2,188) and replication (22 centers; n = 1,112) cohorts. SP1 was characterized by shock, acidemia, and multiorgan dysfunction, including acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy. SP2 was characterized by high C-reactive protein, early need for mechanical ventilation, and the highest rate of ARDS. SP3 showed the highest burden of chronic diseases, whereas SP4 demonstrated limited chronic disease burden and mild physiologic abnormalities. Twenty-eight-day mortality in the discovery cohort ranged from 20.6% (SP4) to 52.9% (SP1). Mortality across subphenotypes remained different after adjustment for demographics, comorbidities, organ dysfunction and illness severity, regional and hospital factors. Compared with SP4, the relative risks were as follows: SP1, 1.67 (95% CI, 1.36-2.03); SP2, 1.39 (95% CI, 1.17-1.65); and SP3, 1.39 (95% CI, 1.15-1.67). Findings were similar in the replication cohort.InterpretationWe identified four subphenotypes of COVID-19 critical illness with distinct patterns of clinical and laboratory characteristics, comorbidity burden, and mortality
Viscoelastic properties of small bowel mesentery at MR elastography in Crohn’s disease: a prospective cross-sectional exploratory study
Abstract Background Creeping fat is a pathological feature of small bowel Crohn’s disease (CD), with literature suggesting that bowel resection with extended mesenteric resection is related to less postoperative recurrences. Conventional imaging is unable to accurately quantify the disease involvement (i.e., fibrosis) of creeping fat. Quantification of disease involvement could be useful in decision-making for additional extended mesenteric resection. We investigated the feasibility of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) of the mesentery and if MRE is capable to detect fibrotic disease involvement of mesentery in active CD. Methods Multifrequency MRE yielded spatial stiffness (shear wave speed, SWS, |G*|) and fluidity maps (φ). Viscoelastic properties of seven CD patients’ mesentery were compared to age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HV) (Mann–Whitney U-test). Within CD patients, the affected and “presumably” unaffected mesentery were compared (Wilcoxon-signed rank test). Repeatability was tested in 15 HVs (Bland–Altman analysis, coefficient of variation [CoV]). Spearman rank correlations were used to investigate the relation between microscopically scored amount of mesenteric fibrosis and viscoelastic parameters. Results SWS, |G*|, and φ of affected mesentery in CD were higher compared to HV (p = 0.017, p = 0.001, p = 0.017). Strong correlations were found between percentage of area of mesenteric fibrosis and SWS and |G*| (p < 0.010). No differences were found within CD between affected and presumably unaffected mesentery. Repeatability of SWS showed 95% limits of agreement of (-0.09, 0.13 m/s) and within-subject CoV of 5.3%. Conclusion MRE may have the potential to measure fibrotic disease involvement of the mesentery in CD, possibly guiding clinical decision-making with respect to extended mesenteric resection. Trial registration Dutch trial register, NL9105 , registered 7 December 2020. Relevance statement MRE may have the potential to measure the amount of mesenteric fibrosis of the affected mesenteric fat in active Crohn’s disease, giving more insight into disease progression and could potentially play a role in clinical decision-making for extended mesenteric resection. Key points • MRE of the mesentery in patients with active CD is feasible. • Fluidity and stiffness of the mesentery increase in active CD, while stiffness correlates with the histopathological amount of mesenteric fibrosis. • MRE provides biomarkers to quantify mesenteric disease activity in active CD. Graphical Abstrac
Seeing the fetus from a DOHaD perspective: discussion paper from the advanced imaging techniques of DOHaD applications workshop held at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress
Advanced imaging techniques are enhancing research capacity focussed on the developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, and consequently increasing awareness of future health risks across various subareas of DOHaD research themes. Understanding how these advanced imaging techniques in animal models and human population studies can be both additively and synergistically used alongside traditional techniques in DOHaD-focussed laboratories is therefore of great interest. Global experts in advanced imaging techniques congregated at the advanced imaging workshop at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress in Melbourne, Australia. This review summarizes the presentations of new imaging modalities and novel applications to DOHaD research and discussions had by DOHaD researchers that are currently utilizing advanced imaging techniques including MRI, hyperpolarized MRI, ultrasound, and synchrotron-based techniques to aid their DOHaD research focus
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Identification of distinct clinical subphenotypes in critically ill patients with COVID-19
Subphenotypes have been identified in patients with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and are associated with different outcomes and response to therapies.
Can unique subphenotypes be identified among critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?
& Methods: Using data from a multicenter cohort study that enrolled critically ill patients with COVID-19 from 67 hospitals across the United States, we randomly divided centers into Discovery and Replication cohorts. We utilized latent class analysis independently in each cohort to identify subphenotypes based on clinical and laboratory variables. We then analyzed the associations of subphenotypes with 28-day mortality.
Latent class analysis identified four subphenotypes (SP) with consistent characteristics across Discovery (45 centers, n=2,188) and Replication (22 centers, n=1,112) cohorts. SP1 was characterized by shock, acidemia, and multi-organ dysfunction, including acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy. SP2 was characterized by high C-reactive protein, early need for mechanical ventilation, and the highest rate of ARDS. SP3 had the highest burden of chronic diseases, while SP4 had limited chronic disease burden and mild physiologic abnormalities. 28-day mortality in the Discovery cohort ranged from 20.6% (SP4) to 52.9% (SP1). Mortality across subphenotypes remained different after adjustment for demographics, comorbidities, organ dysfunction and illness severity, regional and hospital factors: compared with SP4, SP1 relative risk (RR) 1.67 (95% CI 1.36-2.03); SP2 RR 1.39 (1.17-1.65); SP3 RR 1.39 (1.15-1.67). Findings were similar in the Replication cohort.
We identified four subphenotypes of COVID-19 critical illness with distinct patterns of clinical and laboratory characteristics, comorbidity burden, and mortality
Seeing the fetus from a DOHaD perspective: Discussion paper from the advanced imaging techniques of DOHaD applications workshop held at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress
Abstract: Advanced imaging techniques are enhancing research capacity focussed on the developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, and consequently increasing awareness of future health risks across various subareas of DOHaD research themes. Understanding how these advanced imaging techniques in animal models and human population studies can be both additively and synergistically used alongside traditional techniques in DOHaD-focussed laboratories is therefore of great interest. Global experts in advanced imaging techniques congregated at the advanced imaging workshop at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress in Melbourne, Australia. This review summarizes the presentations of new imaging modalities and novel applications to DOHaD research and discussions had by DOHaD researchers that are currently utilizing advanced imaging techniques including MRI, hyperpolarized MRI, ultrasound, and synchrotron-based techniques to aid their DOHaD research focus.Janna L. Morrison, Oyekoya T. Ayonrinde, Alison S. Care, Geoffrey D. Clarke,
Jack R.T. Darby, Jack R.T. Darby, Anna L. Davi
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Clinical events and patient-reported outcome measures during CKD progression: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study.
BackgroundPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face risks of not only end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death, but also decline in kidney function, quality of life (QOL) and mental and physical well-being. This study describes the multidimensional trajectories of CKD using clinical events, kidney function and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). We hypothesized that more advanced CKD stages would associate with more rapid decline in each outcome.MethodsAmong 3939 participants enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study, we evaluated multidimensional disease trajectories by G- and A-stages of enrollment estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria, respectively. These trajectories included clinical events (ESKD, CVD, heart failure and death), eGFR decline and PROMs [kidney disease QOL (KDQOL) burden, effects and symptoms questionnaires, as well as the 12-item short form mental and physical component summaries]. We also evaluated a group-based multitrajectory model to group participants on the basis of longitudinal PROMs and compared group assignments by enrollment G- and A-stage.ResultsThe mean participant age was 58 years, 45% were women, mean baseline eGFR was 44 mL/min/1.73 m2 and median urine albumin:creatinine ratio was 52 mg/g. The incidence of all clinical events was greater and eGFR decline was faster with more advanced G- and A-stages. While baseline KDQOL and physical component measures were lower with more advanced G- and A-stage of CKD, changes in PROMs were inconsistently related to the baseline CKD stage. Groups formed on PROM trajectories were fairly distinct from existing CKD staging (observed agreement 60.6%) and were associated with the risk of ESKD, CVD, heart failure and death.ConclusionsMore advanced baseline CKD stage was associated with a higher risk of clinical events and faster eGFR decline, and was only weakly related to changes in patient-reported metrics over time
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