207 research outputs found
Analyzing Domestic Abuse using Natural Language Processing on Social Media Data
Social media and social networking play a major role in billions of lives. Publicly available posts on websites such as Twitter, Reddit, Tumblr, and Facebook can contain deeply personal accounts of the lives of users – and the crises they face. Health woes, family concerns, accounts of bullying, and any number of other issues that people face every day are detailed on a massive scale online. Utilizing natural language processing and machine learning techniques, these data can be analyzed to understand societal and public health issues. Expensive surveys need not be conducted with automatic understanding of social media data, allowing faster, cost-effective data collection and analysis that can shed light on sociologically important problems.
In this thesis, discussions of domestic abuse in social media are analyzed. The efficacy of classifiers that detect text discussing abuse is examined and computationally extracted characteristics of these texts are analyzed for a comprehensive view into the dynamics of abusive relationships. Analysis reveals micro-narratives in reasons for staying in versus leaving abusive relationships, as well as the stakeholders and actions in these relationships. Findings are consistent across various methods, correspond to observations in clinical literature, and affirm the relevance of natural language processing techniques for exploring issues of social importance in social media
Autonomous Cryogenic Load Operations: Knowledge-Based Autonomous Test Engineer
The Knowledge-Based Autonomous Test Engineer (KATE) program has a long history at KSC. Now a part of the Autonomous Cryogenic Load Operations (ACLO) mission, this software system has been sporadically developed over the past 20 years. Originally designed to provide health and status monitoring for a simple water-based fluid system, it was proven to be a capable autonomous test engineer for determining sources of failure in the system. As part of a new goal to provide this same anomaly-detection capability for a complicated cryogenic fluid system, software engineers, physicists, interns and KATE experts are working to upgrade the software capabilities and graphical user interface. Much progress was made during this effort to improve KATE. A display of the entire cryogenic system's graph, with nodes for components and edges for their connections, was added to the KATE software. A searching functionality was added to the new graph display, so that users could easily center their screen on specific components. The GUI was also modified so that it displayed information relevant to the new project goals. In addition, work began on adding new pneumatic and electronic subsystems into the KATE knowledge base, so that it could provide health and status monitoring for those systems. Finally, many fixes for bugs, memory leaks, and memory errors were implemented and the system was moved into a state in which it could be presented to stakeholders. Overall, the KATE system was improved and necessary additional features were added so that a presentation of the program and its functionality in the next few months would be a success
Fire and resprouting in Mediterranean ecosystems: Insights from an external biogeographical region, the mexical shrubland
7 páginas, 3 tablas.We investigated modes of regeneration of dominant species of the mexical vegetation after fire. The mexical shrubland shows a remarkable structural, morphological, and floristic similarity to Mediterranean-type vegetation and is considered a relict of the Madro-Tertiary Geoflora under a non- mediterranean climate. This vegetation provides an ideal scenario to test the role of fire in Mediterranean ecosystems because historical fire occurrence is absent and the species assembly is constituted mostly by Madro-Tertiary elements and Neotropical species (some of them, endemic species from Mexico). The existence of congeneric species of the California chaparral allows us to determine the regeneration ability of these communities after fire in relation to resprouting and seeding strategies, which are widespread modes reported in the Mediterranean-type vegetation. By the experimental application of fire in the two biogeographical groups of species, we tested the hypothesis that low resprouting ability of California congeneric species (Madro-Tertiary species) after fire would indicate
that fire has played an important selective force in the resprouting habit. A low resprouting ability in the Neotropical group
of species would suggest that fire has molded the set of species dominating fire-prone environments. Our results indicated that resprouting is a widespread trait in the mexical species characterized by the presence of lignotubers and burls. Resprouting can be considered an ancient trait, probably linked to losses of aboveground biomass, that became a pre-adaptation in Mediterranean fire-prone communities. The Neotropical group of species showed less ability to regenerate after fire, and small plants were more likely to die after disturbance in this group than in the Madro-Tertiary group. The resprouting feature and the seeder strategy of other species after a fire in the mexical shrubland are similar to Mediterranean-type ecosystems, emphasizing their common origin and the relevance of phylogenetic and biogeographical studies to explain current patterns of vegetation.Peer reviewe
Telemedicine in the Emergency Department in the Era of COVID-19: Front-Line Experiences from 2 Institutions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the major changes that has occurred in emergency medicine is the evolution of telemedicine. With relaxation of regulatory and administrative barriers, the use of this already available technology has rapidly expanded. Telemedicine provides opportunity to markedly decrease personal protective equipment (PPE) and reduce healthcare worker exposures. Moreover, with the convenience and availability of access to medical care via telemedicine, a more fundamental change in healthcare delivery in the United States is likely. The implementation of telemedicine in the emergency department (ED) in particular has great potential to prevent the iatrogenic spread of COVID-19 and protect health care workers. Challenges to widespread adoption of telemedicine include privacy concerns, limitation of physical examination, and concerns of patient experience. In this clinical review, we discuss ED telemedicine applications, logistics, and challenges in the COVID-19 era as well as recent regulatory and legal changes. In addition, examples of telemedicine use are described from 2 institutions. Examples of future applications of telemedicine within the realm of emergency medicine are also discussed
Національні інтереси держави в інформаційній сфері
На сьогодні Україна перебуває в умовах протиборства, в яких саме забезпечення інформаційної безпеки грає ключовий аспект в формуванні національних інтересів держави. В даній роботі розглянуто сучасний стан інформаційної сфери як пріоритетний напрямок національних інтересів України
Treatment of Parturition-Induced Rupture of Pubic Symphysis after Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery
Parturition-induced rupture of pubic symphysis is an uncommon but severe complication of delivery. Characteristic symptoms are an immediate onset of suprapubic and/or sacroiliac pain within the first 24 hours postpartum, often accompanied by an audible crack. Diagnosis can be confirmed by imaging including X-ray, Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI), and ultrasound. However, there is no consensus on the optimal therapy. Conservative treatment is predominantly used. It has been reported that, in cases of extreme symphyseal rupture with pelvic instability or persisting pain after conservative therapy, operative treatment achieves a successful outcome. In this report, we present a case of a twenty-year-old primigravida who developed suprapubic pain after a nonoperative vaginal birth with shoulder dystocia. A rupture of pubic symphysis with a gap of 60 mm was confirmed by means of X-ray and MRI. Simultaneously, other pelvic joint injuries could be excluded. Operative treatment by an open reduction and internal plate fixation yielded excellent results
Long-Term Follow-Up of High-Risk Breast Lesions at Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy without Subsequent Surgical Resection
INTRODUCTION
B3-lesions of the breast are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. Recent studies show a low upgrade rate into malignancy after subsequent open surgical excision (OE) of most B3-lesions when proven by vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). However, there is a lack of long-term follow-up data after VAB of high-risk lesions. The primary aim of this study was to demonstrate whether follow-up of B3 lesions is a beneficial and reliable alternative to OE in terms of long-term outcome. The secondary aim was to identify patient and lesion characteristics of B3 lesions for which OE is still necessary.
METHODS
This retrospective multicenter study was conducted at 8 Swiss breast centers between 2010 and 2019. A total of 278 women (mean age: 53.5 ± 10.7 years) with 286 B3-lesions who had observation only and who had at least 24 months of follow-up were included. Any event during follow-up (ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS], invasive cancer, new B3-lesion) was systematically recorded. Data from women who had an event during follow-up were compared with those who did not. The results for the different B3 lesions were analyzed using the t test and Fisher's exact test. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The median follow-up interval was 59 months (range: 24-143 months) with 52% (148/286) having a follow-up of more than 5 years. During follow-up, in 42 women, 44 suspicious lesions occurred, with 36.4% (16/44) being invasive cancer and 6.8% (3/44) being DCIS. Thus, 6.6% (19/286) of all women developed malignancy during follow-up after a median follow-up interval of 6.5 years (range: 31-119 months). The initial histology of the B3 lesion influenced the subsequent occurrence of a malignant lesion during follow-up (p 0.12).
CONCLUSION
With a low risk of 10 years). Knowledge of these long-term outcome results will be helpful in making treatment decisions and determining the optimal radiological follow-up interval
Third International Consensus Conference on lesions of uncertain malignant potential in the breast (B3 lesions)
The heterogeneous group of B3 lesions in the breast harbors lesions with different malignant potential and progression risk. As several studies about B3 lesions have been published since the last Consensus in 2018, the 3rd International Consensus Conference discussed the six most relevant B3 lesions (atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), flat epithelial atypia (FEA), classical lobular neoplasia (LN), radial scar (RS), papillary lesions (PL) without atypia, and phyllodes tumors (PT)) and made recommendations for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Following a presentation of current data of each B3 lesion, the international and interdisciplinary panel of 33 specialists and key opinion leaders voted on the recommendations for further management after core-needle biopsy (CNB) and vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). In case of B3 lesion diagnosis on CNB, OE was recommended in ADH and PT, whereas in the other B3 lesions, vacuum-assisted excision was considered an equivalent alternative to OE. In ADH, most panelists (76%) recommended an open excision (OE) after diagnosis on VAB, whereas observation after a complete VAB-removal on imaging was accepted by 34%. In LN, the majority of the panel (90%) preferred observation following complete VAB-removal. Results were similar in RS (82%), PL (100%), and FEA (100%). In benign PT, a slim majority (55%) also recommended an observation after a complete VAB-removal. VAB with subsequent active surveillance can replace an open surgical intervention for most B3 lesions (RS, FEA, PL, PT, and LN). Compared to previous recommendations, there is an increasing trend to a de-escalating strategy in classical LN. Due to the higher risk of upgrade into malignancy, OE remains the preferred approach after the diagnosis of ADH
- …