Humid Evolution of Haze in the Atmosphere of Super-Earths in the Habitable Zone

Photochemical hazes are expected to form and significantly contribute to the chemical and radiative balance of exoplanets with relatively moderate temperatures, possibly in the habitable zone of their host star. In the presence of humidity, haze particles might thus serve as cloud condensation nuclei and trigger the formation of water droplets. In the present work, we are interested in the chemical impact of such a close interaction between photochemical hazes and humidity on the organic content composing the hazes and on the capacity to generate organic molecules with high prebiotic potential. For this purpose, we explore experimentally the sweet spot by combining N-dominated super-Earth exoplanets in agreement with Titan's rich organic photochemistry and humid conditions expected for exoplanets in habitable zones. A logarithmic increase with time is observed for the relative abundance of oxygenated species, with O-containing molecules dominating after 1 month only. The rapidity of the process suggests that the humid evolution of N-rich organic haze provides an efficient source of molecules with high prebiotic potential

Outils analytiques innovants

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Qualité / contrôle lors de la quantification : validation d´une méthode d´analyse en chromatographie couplée à la spectrométrie de masse

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Qualité / contrôle lors de la quantification : validation d´une méthode d´analyse en chromatographie couplée à la spectrométrie de masse

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Nouveaux outils complémentaires pour l'analyse d'extraits de plantes : Couplage mobilité ionique - spectrométrie de masse et réseaux moléculaires

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Nouveaux outils complémentaires pour l'analyse d'extraits de plantes : Couplage mobilité ionique - spectrométrie de masse et réseaux moléculaires

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Molecular networking and ion mobility complementarity in metabolites identification of a Fagara heitzii extract

International audiencePlants are an invaluable natural source of active compounds. Studying these secondary metabolites is of great interest for medicine and biotechnology. Nevertheless, the amount of data generated after a LC-MS/MS analysis induces an important work to target known metabolites and focus the efforts on unknown structures. Therefore, molecular networking has been developed to associate families of compounds based on their MS/MS fingerprint and to implement database searches. This tool considerably enhances metabolite search.[1,2] In addition, coupling liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry (LC-IM-MS) increases the efficiency of separation and brings an additional parameter of characterization. Indeed, collision cross section (CCS) is an intrinsic property of a given compound, it could increase reliability of compound annotation in metabolomics by comparing experimental CCS either with reference values in the case of known compounds, or with theoretical CCS values in the case of unknown compounds.[3,4]We work on Zanthoxylum heitzii or Fagara heitzii, which is a tree from the Rutaceae family. This medicinal plant is widely used in central Africa for the treatment of many diseases such as cancers, syphilis and malaria but limited amount of chemical and pharmacological studies have been conducted. Previous phytochemical investigations reported compounds including amides, lignanes, alkaloids, steroids and terpenes and were realized by performing extraction, isolation steps followed by characterization of the purified compounds. [5,6] To gain in time and resources, our objective was to develop analytical tools to study different parts of the plant: root, leaf, bark and branch. We worked on the polar methanol extract of each part. Each extract was analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem - mass spectrometry (MS-MS) or ion mobility - mass spectrometry (IM-MS), with a hybrid quadrupole-time of flight analyzer, equipped with an ion mobility cell. On the one hand, MS-MS parameters were optimized in the objective to build molecular networks using the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking platform. These data analysis tools allowed us to compare fragmentation profiles of the different compounds in each extract and between the different extracts. On the other hand, IM-MS data were acquired to determine the collision cross sections (CCS) of each compound detected in the plant extracts. Thus, compounds could be annotated with different confidence levels, as described by the Metabolomics Standards Initiative, with CCS determination. [1 ]Wang et al. Nature Biotechnology (2016) [2] F. Olivon et al. Analytical Chemsitry (2018) [3] Domalain et al. Chemical Science (2014) [4] Fernie et al. The Plant Cell (2011) [5] Moussavi et al. Parasites & Vectors (2015

Molecular networking and ion mobility complementarity in metabolites identification of a Fagara heitzii extract

International audiencePlants are an invaluable natural source of active compounds. Studying these secondary metabolites is of great interest for medicine and biotechnology. Nevertheless, the amount of data generated after a LC-MS/MS analysis induces an important work to target known metabolites and focus the efforts on unknown structures. Therefore, molecular networking has been developed to associate families of compounds based on their MS/MS fingerprint and to implement database searches. This tool considerably enhances metabolite search.[1,2] In addition, coupling liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry (LC-IM-MS) increases the efficiency of separation and brings an additional parameter of characterization. Indeed, collision cross section (CCS) is an intrinsic property of a given compound, it could increase reliability of compound annotation in metabolomics by comparing experimental CCS either with reference values in the case of known compounds, or with theoretical CCS values in the case of unknown compounds.[3,4]We work on Zanthoxylum heitzii or Fagara heitzii, which is a tree from the Rutaceae family. This medicinal plant is widely used in central Africa for the treatment of many diseases such as cancers, syphilis and malaria but limited amount of chemical and pharmacological studies have been conducted. Previous phytochemical investigations reported compounds including amides, lignanes, alkaloids, steroids and terpenes and were realized by performing extraction, isolation steps followed by characterization of the purified compounds. [5,6] To gain in time and resources, our objective was to develop analytical tools to study different parts of the plant: root, leaf, bark and branch. We worked on the polar methanol extract of each part. Each extract was analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem - mass spectrometry (MS-MS) or ion mobility - mass spectrometry (IM-MS), with a hybrid quadrupole-time of flight analyzer, equipped with an ion mobility cell. On the one hand, MS-MS parameters were optimized in the objective to build molecular networks using the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking platform. These data analysis tools allowed us to compare fragmentation profiles of the different compounds in each extract and between the different extracts. On the other hand, IM-MS data were acquired to determine the collision cross sections (CCS) of each compound detected in the plant extracts. Thus, compounds could be annotated with different confidence levels, as described by the Metabolomics Standards Initiative, with CCS determination. [1 ]Wang et al. Nature Biotechnology (2016) [2] F. Olivon et al. Analytical Chemsitry (2018) [3] Domalain et al. Chemical Science (2014) [4] Fernie et al. The Plant Cell (2011) [5] Moussavi et al. Parasites & Vectors (2015

Ion mobility mass spectrometry and molecular networks for the investigation of methanolic extracts of Zanthoxylum heitzii (Rutaceae)

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