Analyse der Virulenzsituation des Roggenschwarzrostes (Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis) im ökologischen Landbau zur Züchtung resistenten Roggens

Organic Agriculture is especially affected by the increasing spread of stem rust in rye (Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis) because there is a lack of resistant cultivars in Germany. To analyze the virulence situation of rye stem rust, 71 single-pustule-isolates were established and 30 of those were tested with a differential set consisting of 19 lines. The isolates could be classified into 22 different pathotypes. Only seven pathotypes could be found more than once. Most of the isolates showed a complexity of five virulences. In a preliminary analysis a Simpson index of 0,98 was found indicating a high level of diversity of German stem rust populations. Nine of 19 tested lines reacted fully resistant in seedling stage. In 2011, 70 and 30 rye populations, were cultivated under organic conditions at three and five field sites, respectively, to determine the level of adult-plant resistance. The most common cultivars Recrut, Conduct, Amilo, Firmament®, Lichtkornroggen®, Rolipa, and Lautenbacher were highly susceptible to stem rust under artificial infection with disease severities of about 50%. Twelve rye populations contained resistant plants in varying frequencies resulting in disease severities ranging from 6-34%

Impact of Increasing Dietary Calcium Levels on Calcium Excretion and Vitamin D Metabolites in the Blood of Healthy Adult Cats

Background Dietary calcium (Ca) concentrations might affect regulatory pathways within the Ca and vitamin D metabolism and consequently excretory mechanisms. Considering large variations in Ca concentrations of feline diets, the physiological impact on Ca homeostasis has not been evaluated to date. In the present study, diets with increasing concentrations of dicalcium phosphate were offered to ten healthy adult cats (Ca/phosphorus (P): 6.23/6.02, 7.77/7.56, 15.0/12.7, 19.0/17.3, 22.2/19.9, 24.3/21.6 g/kg dry matter). Each feeding period was divided into a 10-day adaptation and an 8-day sampling period in order to collect urine and faeces. On the last day of each feeding period, blood samples were taken. Results Urinary Ca concentrations remained unaffected, but faecal Ca concentrations increased (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary Ca levels. No effect on whole and intact parathyroid hormone levels, fibroblast growth factor 23 and calcitriol concentrations in the blood of the cats were observed. However, the calcitriol precursors 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3, which are considered the most useful indicators for the vitamin D status, decreased with higher dietary Ca levels (P = 0.013 and P = 0.033). Increasing dietary levels of dicalcium phosphate revealed an acidifying effect on urinary fasting pH (6.02) and postprandial pH (6.01) (P < 0.001), possibly mediated by an increase of urinary phosphorus (P) concentrations (P < 0.001). Conclusions In conclusion, calcitriol precursors were linearly affected by increasing dietary Ca concentrations. The increase in faecal Ca excretion indicates that Ca homeostasis of cats is mainly regulated in the intestine and not by the kidneys. Long-term studies should investigate the physiological relevance of the acidifying effect observed when feeding diets high in Ca and P

Kontrolle des Roggenschwarzrostes, Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis, im Ökologischen Landbau durch Züchtung resistenten Roggens

Der Ökologische Landbau (ÖLB) ist von der zunehmenden Ausbreitung des Roggenschwarz-rostes, Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis, besonders betroffen, da resistente Roggensorten bisher nicht zur Verfügung stehen. Zur Analyse der Virulenzsituation des Roggenschwarzrostes wurden 389 Einpustelisolate (EPI) hergestellt, von denen 323 mit einem Differentialsortiment aus 15 Inzuchtlinien getestet wurden. Die EPI konnten 226 Pathotypen zugeordnet werden, von denen nur 56 Pathotypen häufiger als einmal vorkamen. Die Mehrzahl der Isolate wies in den Jahren 2011, 2012 und 2013 eine Komplexität von sieben, sechs bzw. fünf auf. Keine der 15 Differentiallinien reagierte vollständig resistent. Mit einem Simpson-Wert von 0,99 zeigt sich eine maximale Diversität der deutschen Schwarzrostpopulation. Das im Rahmen des Projektes entwickelt Isolatesortiment deckt das aktuelle Virulenzspektrum der Schwarzrostpopulationen ab und kann auch zukünftig genutzt werden, um die Wirksamkeit von Schwarzrostresistenzen zu prüfen. Außerdem kann das Auftreten neuer Virulenzen in der Schwarzrostpopulation jetzt rechtzeitig erkannt und wirtschaftlicher Schaden abgewendet werden. Zur Ermittlung der Adultpflanzen-Resistenz wurden bis zu 70 Genetische Ressourcen sowie adaptiertes, selbstfertiles Roggenmaterial unter ökologischen Bedingungen an fünf Feldstandorten je Jahr angebaut. Das Inokulum für die künstlichen Inokulationen wurde am JKI produziert und die Inokulation fand im Entwicklungsstadium BBCH37 (Mai 2013 und Mai 2014) statt. Die im Ökologischen Landbau verwendeten Sorten Recrut, Conduct, Amilo, Firmament®, Lichtkornroggen®, Rolipa und Lautenbacher waren nach künstlicher Infektion hoch anfällig gegenüber Schwarzrost mit Befallsstärken von über 50%. Nach drei Versuchs-jahren konnten insgesamt 17 Populationssorten aus Österreich (Tiroler, Kärntner, Oberkärnt-ner), Russland (Hy75/81, Hy2407/87, Talwoskaja 29, Hy9a/86, Talowskija, Zidlochowicke rane, Instituckie Wcz), den USA (Wheeler, Elbon, Wrens Abruzzi, Gator, Alfa), und Argentinien (Manfredi), mit mittleren Befallswerten von ≤30 % für die Züchtung bereitgestellt werden. Das Projekt leistete damit einen erheblichen Beitrag zur Nutzung der Biodiversität des Roggens und zur Optimierung der Resistenzzüchtung im ÖLB. Resistente Roggensorten werden in Zukunft eine effiziente Kontrolle des Roggenschwarzrostes ermöglichen, die den Grundsätzen des ÖLB entspricht. Das Projekt kann den Hauptaufgaben 2.1, 2.3, 2.4 und 2.14 des Forschungsplanes des BMELV zugeordnet werden und ist Grundlage für die Weiterentwicklung von Strategien zur Nutzung von Schwarzrostresistenzen sowie die Bewertung der Widerstandfähigkeit von Roggen gegenüber Schwarzrost

DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF SERUM VITAMIN D CONCENTRATIONS IN EUROPEAN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

WOS: 000307274100068

ALTERED ARTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTION IN CHILDREN WITH CKD: ROLE OF MINERAL-BONE DISORDER

WOS: 000307274100030

The Effect of an App-Based Home Exercise Program on Self-reported Pain Intensity in Unspecific and Degenerative Back Pain: Pragmatic Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundThe recommended first-line treatment for unspecific and degenerative back pain consists of movement exercises and patient education. ObjectiveUsing a pragmatic, randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of a digital home exercise program on self-reported pain intensity compared with the standard of care for physiotherapy. MethodsParticipant recruitment was based on newspaper advertisements and a consecutive on-site assessment for eligibility and enrollment. Participants with unspecific and degenerative back pain aged ≥18 years were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a 12-week stand-alone digital home exercise program or physiotherapy. The digital home exercise program included 4 exercises daily, while physiotherapy included 6 to 12 sessions, depending on the severity of symptoms. The primary outcome was pain, which was assessed using a verbal numerical rating scale. The clinical relevance of pain reduction was assessed using the following thresholds: improvement of at least 1.4 points on the verbal numerical rating scale and a pain reduction of at least 30%. ResultsDuring the study period, 108 participants were assigned to the intervention group and 105 participants to the control group. The mean difference in pain scores between the 2 groups at 12 weeks was −2.44 (95% CI −2.92 to −1.95; P<.01) in favor of the intervention group. The group receiving the digital therapeutic achieved a clinically relevant reduction in pain over the course of the study (baseline vs 12 weeks), with a mean change of −3.35 (SD 2.05) score points or −53.1% (SD 29.5). By contrast, this change did not reach clinical relevance in the control group (mean −0.91, SD 1.5; −14.6%, SD 25.3). Retention rates of 89.9% in the intervention group and 97.3% in the control group were maintained throughout the study. ConclusionsThe use of the app-based home exercise program led to a significant and clinically relevant reduction in pain intensity throughout the 12-week duration of the program. The intervention studied showed superior improvement in self-reported pain intensity when compared with the standard of care. Given the great demand for standard physiotherapy for unspecific and degenerative back pain, digital therapeutics are evolving into a suitable therapeutic option that can overcome the limitations of access and availability of conventional modes of health care delivery into this spectrum of indications. However, further independent evaluations are required to support the growing body of evidence on the effectiveness of digital therapeutics in real-world care settings. Trial RegistrationGerman Clinical Trials Register DRKS00022781; https://tinyurl.com/hpdraa8

Concentrations of iPTH as a function of Ca in the serum of cats fed a diet with different levels of dicalcium phosphate.

<p>Concentrations of iPTH as a function of Ca in the serum of cats fed a diet with different levels of dicalcium phosphate.</p

Serum 25(OH)D₂ concentrations of cats fed a diet with different levels of dicalcium phosphate.

<p>Means and 95% confidence intervals.</p

Serum PTH concentrations of cats fed a diet with different levels of dicalcium phosphate.Means and 95% confidence intervals.

<p>Serum PTH concentrations of cats fed a diet with different levels of dicalcium phosphate.Means and 95% confidence intervals.</p

Serum 25(OH)D₃ concentrations of cats fed a diet with different levels of dicalcium phosphate.

<p>Means and 95% confidence intervals.</p