Investigation of remote sensing techniques as inputs to operational resource management models

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Analyzing longitudinal patterns of river metabolism in five distinct rivers

2021 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.The River Continuum and Serial Discontinuity Concepts are two common frameworks or theories to describe river ecosystem structure and function. While these concepts help explain how rivers should behave, the reality is that aquatic ecosystems are being changed and degraded due to dams which regulate flow and changes to land use and land cover that can negatively impact aquatic ecosystems. Ecosystem metabolism is an increasingly common way to monitor and assess river health and functioning. This analysis is a data synthesis to examine longitudinal coherence in productivity patterns and identify the strongest controls that disrupt coherence. I find that between discharge, dissolved oxygen, and metabolism, metabolism is the least predictable variable going downstream regardless of land use and river characteristics, but at the same time did show patterns consistent with the expected patterns of the River Continuum Concept or other theories of river function variation. This lack of coherence and predictability in river metabolism across sites within rivers highlights effects monitoring methods, river-specific characteristics, and the overall lack of satisfactory theories for how larger rivers behave, despite an abundance of riverine theories

Aerial thermal scanner data for monitoring rooftop temperatures

Four Nebraska communities and one South Dakota community were surveyed. Thermal scanner data were converted to a film format and the resultant imagery was successfully employed to monitor rooftop temperatures. The program places emphasis on heat losses resulting from inadequate home insulation, offers CENGAS customers the opportunity to observe a thermogram of their rooftop, and assists homeowners in evaluating insulation needs

Honey, Spice and Sometimes Nice: The 20th and 21st centuries Cultural, Social and Political Work of the Queen Bee

This thesis was partially inspired by my personal experience of attending Emma Willard School, an all-girls boarding school in Troy, New York. This thesis examines the social, cultural and political history of the Queen Bee figure in the popular culture of the twentieth and twenty first centuries. The Queen Bee is a fluid anti-heroine however, a feminist character who while she tears down others around her to succeed is also genuine with relatable emotions. Here, I explore the 2000’s media culture’s fascination with the relational aggression and adolescent womanhood and its depiction of girls caught up in complex networks of social positions ranging from the Queen Bee to Bystander and Target. This thesis outlines the history of the Queen Bee figure from its emergence in 1949 through perhaps its most popular iteration in the early twenty-first century. In the early twenty-first century, the Queen Bee persona has become a contested terrain, at once negative and positive, much in the way the culture interprets feminism. Popular TV series Gilmore Girls (2000-2007) and Gossip Girl (2007- 2012) render two versions of Queen Bee figures in the early 2000’s television, offering a window into that contested terrain

Investigation of remote sensing techniques as inputs to operational resource management

The author has identified the following significant results. Visual interpretation of 1:125,000 color LANDSAT prints produced timely level 1 maps of accuracies in excess of 80% for agricultural land identification. Accurate classification of agricultural land via digital analysis of LANDSAT CCT's required precise timing of the date of data collection with mid to late June optimum for western South Dakota. The LANDSAT repetitive nine day cycle over the state allowed the surface areas of stockdams and small reservoir systems to be monitored to provide a timely approximation of surface water conditions on the range. Combined use of DIRS, K-class, and LANDSAT CCT's demonstrated the ability to produce aspen maps of greater detail and timeliness than was available using US Forest Service maps. Visual temporal analyses of LANDSAT imagery improved highway map drainage information and were used to prepare a seven county drainage network. An optimum map of flood-prone areas was developed, utilizing high altitude aerial photography and USGS maps

Summary: Remote sensing soil moisture research

During the 1969 and 1970 growing seasons research was conducted to investigate the relationship between remote sensing imagery and soil moisture. The research was accomplished under two completely different conditions: (1) cultivated cropland in east central South Dakota, and (2) rangeland in western South Dakota. Aerial and ground truth data are being studied and correlated in order to evaluate the moisture supply and water use. Results show that remote sensing is a feasible method for monitoring soil moisture

Investigation of remote sensing techniques as inputs to operational resource management models

The author has identified the following significant results. Successful operational applications of LANDSAT data were found for level 1 land use mapping, drainage network delineation, and aspen mapping. Visual LANDSAT interpretation using 1:125,000 color composite imagery was the least expensive method of obtaining timely level 1 land use data. With an average agricultural/rangeland interpretation accuracy in excess of 80%, such a data source was considered the most cost effective of those sources available to state agencies. Costs do not compare favorably with those incurred using the present method of extracting land use data from historical tabular summaries. The cost increase in advancing from the present procedure to a satellite-based data source was justified in terms of expanded data content

Chapter 5 Switchgrass Harvest and Storage

The feedstock characteristics of the conversion platform will influence the optimal harvest and post harvest management practices for switchgrass. However, many of the harvest management practices are tied to plant phenology and will be similar across platforms. Proper harvest and storage of switchgrass will help provide a consistent and high-quality feedstock to the biorefinery. Bioenergyspecific switchgrass strains are high-yielding and in most cases can be harvested and baled with commercially available haying equipment. Many options are available for packaging switchgrass for storage and transportation, but large round bales or large rectangular bales are the most readily available and are in use on farms. Large round bales tend to have less storage losses than large rectangular bales when stored outside, but rectangular bales tend to be easier to handle and load a truck for transport without road width restrictions. Although there is limited large-scale experience with harvesting and storing switchgrass for bioenergy, extensive research, as well as a history of harvesting hay crops for livestock in many agroecoregions, makes harvesting and preserving switchgrass for bioenergy feasible at the landscape scale

Chapter 5 Switchgrass Harvest and Storage

The feedstock characteristics of the conversion platform will influence the optimal harvest and post harvest management practices for switchgrass. However, many of the harvest management practices are tied to plant phenology and will be similar across platforms. Proper harvest and storage of switchgrass will help provide a consistent and high-quality feedstock to the biorefinery. Bioenergyspecific switchgrass strains are high-yielding and in most cases can be harvested and baled with commercially available haying equipment. Many options are available for packaging switchgrass for storage and transportation, but large round bales or large rectangular bales are the most readily available and are in use on farms. Large round bales tend to have less storage losses than large rectangular bales when stored outside, but rectangular bales tend to be easier to handle and load a truck for transport without road width restrictions. Although there is limited large-scale experience with harvesting and storing switchgrass for bioenergy, extensive research, as well as a history of harvesting hay crops for livestock in many agroecoregions, makes harvesting and preserving switchgrass for bioenergy feasible at the landscape scale

Von neuen Li/Cl-Phosphinidenoid-Komplexen zuneuartigen funktionellen Phosphanyliden-Phosphoran-Komplexen

Innerhalb dieser Arbeit wurden folgende drei unterschiedliche Fragestellungen der Komplexchemie behandelt: (1) Darstellung von Komplexen mit neuen dreigliedrigen heterocyclischen Liganden des N,P,E-Ringsystems (E = Bor, Silizium und Phosphor), (2) Untersuchungen zur Synthese und Eigenschaften von neuartigen Li/X-Phosphinidenoid-Eisenkomplexen und (3) Studien zur Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Li/Cl-Phosphinidenoid-Komplexen mit aromatischen P-Substituenten. Im Rahmen der ersten Fragestellung konnten Azadiphosphiridin-Komplexe durch gezielte Reaktion eines Amino(organo)phosphan-Komplexes (P(CPh3)(H)(NHi-Pr)W(CO)5) mit Dichlorphosphanen (RPCl2, R = organischer Rest) unter basischen Bedingungen dargestellt werden. Dabei wurde unter anderem festgestellt, dass bei Verwendung von P-alkyl bzw. P-aryl Substituten in RPCl2 ein 1,2-Metallshift nach Ringschluss stattfindet. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde bei Reaktionen mit heteroatom-substituierten Dichlorphosphanen kein abschließender 1,2-Metallshift beobachtet. Innerhalb der zweiten Fragestellung konnten die ersten neuartigen Li/X-Phosphinidenoid-Eisenkomplexe [Li([12]Krone-4)(thf)][{P(CPh3)X}Fe(CO)4] (X = Cl, NHi-Pr) dargestellt und durch zahlreiche analytische Methoden charakterisiert werden. Hierbei gelang es zudem die erste kristallographische Molekülstruktur eines Li/NR2-Phosphinidenoid-Komplexes zu erhalten. Die Reaktivität des P-Cl Eisenkomplexes wurde anhand einer unerwarteten formalen O-H Insertion mit Wasser sowie durch zahlreichen Abfangreaktionen mit unterschiedlich substituierten Aminen und Ammoniak verdeutlicht, wodurch 1,1-bifunktionelle Phosphan-Komplexe erhalten wurden. Weiterhin konnten qualitativ hochwertige DFT-Rechnungen zeigen, dass die formalen Insertionen an O-H und N-H mechanistisch unterschiedlich ablaufen. In der dritten Untersuchung konnten die ersten Li/Cl-Phosphinidenoid-Komplexe [Li([12]Krone-4)(thf)][{P(Ar)Cl}W(CO)5] (Ar = Aryl) mit aromatischen P-Substituenten dargestellt werden, die je nach Aryl-Substituent unterschiedliche Eigenschaften und Reaktivitäten aufwiesen. Dabei wurde im Fall eines Komplexes insbesondere festgestellt, dass zunächst eine Kondensationsreaktion unter Bildung eines neuartigen und funktionellen Phosphanyliden-Phosphoran-Komplexes stattfindet, der anschließend zu einem neuen dinuklearen μ2-(η1,η2)-Diphosphen-Komplex weiterreagierte. Die Untersuchungen wurden sowohl durch VT-NMR-Studien als auch DFT-Berechnungen bestätigt. Zusätzliche Reaktivitätsstudien des Diphosphen-Komplexes wurden sowohl mit protischen und basischen Reagenzien als auch mit Olefinen, Alkinen und Diazenen durchgeführt, wobei sich in einigen Fällen eine bemerkenswerte 1,1-Reaktivität zeigte