13 research outputs found
Determination of the Collins-Soper Kernel from Lattice QCD
We present lattice results for the non-perturbative Collins-Soper (CS) kernel, which describes the energy-dependence of transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs). The CS kernel is extracted from the ratios of first Mellin moments of quasi-TMDs evaluated at different nucleon momenta. The analysis is done with dynamical Nf = 2 + 1 clover fermions for the CLS ensemble H101 (a = 0.0854 fm, mÏ = mK = 422 MeV). The computed CS kernel is in good agreement with experimental extractions and previous lattice studies
Universality of the Collins-Soper kernel in lattice calculations
The Collins-Soper (CS) kernel is a nonperturbative function that
characterizes the rapidity evolution of transverse-momentum-dependent parton
distribution functions (TMDPDFs) and wave functions. In this Letter, we
calculate the CS kernel for pion and proton targets and for quasi-TMDPDFs of
leading and next-to-leading power. The calculations are carried out on the CLS
ensemble H101 with dynamical clover-improved Wilson fermions. Our
analyses demonstrate the consistency of different lattice extractions of the CS
kernel for mesons and baryons, as well as for twist-two and twist-three
operators, even though lattice artifacts could be significant. This consistency
corroborates the universality of the lattice-determined CS kernel and suggests
that a high-precision determination of it is in reach.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, published versio
Analyzing Longitudinal wb-MRI Data and Clinical Course in a Cohort of Former Smoldering Multiple Myeloma Patients: Connections between MRI Findings and Clinical Progression Patterns
The purpose of this study was to analyze size and growth dynamics of focal lesions (FL) as well as to quantify diffuse infiltration (DI) in untreated smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) patients and correlate those MRI features with timepoint and cause of progression. We investigated 199 whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (wb-MRI) scans originating from longitudinal imaging of 60 SMM patients and 39 computed tomography (CT) scans for corresponding osteolytic lesions (OL) in 17 patients. All FLs >5 mm were manually segmented to quantify volume and growth dynamics, and DI was scored, rating four compartments separately in T1- and fat-saturated T2-weighted images. The majority of patients with at least two FLs showed substantial spatial heterogeneity in growth dynamics. The volume of the largest FL (p = 0.001, c-index 0.72), the speed of growth of the fastest growing FL (p = 0.003, c-index 0.75), the DI score (DIS, p = 0.014, c-index 0.67), and its dynamic over time (DIS dynamic, p < 0.001, c-index 0.67) all significantly correlated with the time to progression. Size and growth dynamics of FLs correlated significantly with presence/appearance of OL in CT within 2 years after the respective MRI assessment (p = 0.016 and p = 0.022). DIS correlated with decrease of hemoglobin (p < 0.001). In conclusion, size and growth dynamics of FLs correlate with prognosis and local bone destruction. Connections between MRI findings and progression patterns (fast growing FLâOL; DISâhemoglobin decrease) might enable more precise diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for SMM patients in the future
Lattice QCD Calculations of Transverse-Momentum-Dependent Soft Function through Large-Momentum Effective Theory
The transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) soft function is a key ingredient in QCD factorization of Drell-Yan and other processes with relatively small transverse momentum. We present a lattice QCD study of this function at moderately large rapidity on a 2 + 1 flavor CLS dynamic ensemble with a = 0.098 fm. We extract the rapidity-independent (or intrinsic) part of the soft function through a large-momentum-transfer pseudoscalar meson form factor and its quasi-TMD wave function using leading-order factorization in large-momentum effective theory. We also investigate the rapidity-dependent part of the soft function-the Collins-Soper evolution kernel-based on the large-momentum evolution of the quasi-TMD wave function
Universality of the Collins-Soper kernel in lattice calculations
2023 Descuento SCOAPThe Collins-Soper (CS) kernel is a nonperturbative function that characterizes the rapidity evolution of transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) and wave functions. In this paper, we calculate the CS kernel for pion and proton targets and for quasi-TMDPDFs of leading and next-To-leading power. The calculations are carried out on the CLS ensemble H101 with dynamical Nf=2+1 clover-improved Wilson fermions. Our analyses demonstrate the consistency of different lattice extractions of the CS kernel for mesons and baryons, as well as for twist-Two and twist-Three operators, even though lattice artifacts could be significant. This consistency corroborates the universality of the lattice-determined CS kernel and suggests that a high-precision determination of it is in reach.National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftChinese Academy of SciencesComunidad de MadridMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciĂłn (España)United States Department of EnergyDepto. de FĂsica TeĂłricaFac. de Ciencias FĂsicasInstituto de FĂsica de PartĂculas y del Cosmos (IPARCOS)TRUEpubDescuento UC
Universality of the Collins-Soper kernel in lattice calculations
The Collins-Soper (CS) kernel is a nonperturbative function that characterizes the rapidity evolution of transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) and wave functions. In this paper, we calculate the CS kernel for pion and proton targets and for quasi-TMDPDFs of leading and next-to-leading power. The calculations are carried out on the CLS ensemble H101 with dynamical Nf=2+1 clover-improved Wilson fermions. Our analyses demonstrate the consistency of different lattice extractions of the CS kernel for mesons and baryons, as well as for twist-two and twist-three operators, even though lattice artifacts could be significant. This consistency corroborates the universality of the lattice-determined CS kernel and suggests that a high-precision determination of it is in reach
Spatial Distribution of Focal Lesions in Whole-Body MRI and Influence of MRI Protocol on Staging in Patients with Smoldering Multiple Myeloma According to the New SLiM-CRAB-Criteria
The purpose of this study was to assess how different MRI protocols (spinal vs. spinal plus pelvic vs. whole-body (wb)-MRI) affect staging in patients with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), according to the SLiM-CRAB-criterion â>1 focal lesion (FL) in MRIâ. In this retrospective study, a baseline cohort of 147 SMM patients with wb-MRI at initial diagnosis was investigated, including prognostic data regarding development of CRAB-criteria. Fifty-two patients formed a follow-up cohort with a median of three wb-MRIs. The locations of all FLs were determined and it was calculated how staging decisions regarding the criterion â>1 FL in MRIâ would have been made if only a limited anatomic area (spine vs. spine plus pelvis) would have been covered by the MRI protocol. Furthermore, subgroups of patients selected by different cutoff-protocol-combinations were compared regarding their prognosis for development of CRAB-criteria. With an MRI protocol limited to spine/spine plus pelvis, only 28%/64% of patients who actually had >1 FL in wb-MRI would have been rated correctly as having â>1 FL in MRIâ. Fifty-four percent/36% of patients with exactly 1 FL in spine/spine plus pelvis revealed >1 FL when the entire wb-MRI was analyzed. During follow-up, four more patients developed >1 FL in wb-MRI; both limited MRI protocols would have detected only one of these four patients as having >1 FL at the correct timepoint. Having >1 FL in spine/in spine plus pelvis/in the whole body was associated with a 43%/57%/49% probability of developing CRAB-criteria within 2 years. Patients with >3 FL in spine plus pelvis and patients with >4 FL in the whole body had an 80% probability to develop CRAB-criteria within 2 years. MRI protocols limited to the spine or to spine plus pelvis lead to substantial underdiagnoses of patients who actually have >1 FL in wb-MRI at baseline and during follow-up, which influences staging and treatment decisions according to the current SLiM-CRAB criteria. However, given the spatial distribution of FLs and the analysis on clinical course of patients indicates that the cutoff for the number of FLs should be adopted according to the MRI protocol when using MRI for staging in SMM
Global Challenges for Cancer Imaging
Imaging plays many essential roles in nearly all aspects of high-quality cancer care. However, challenges to the delivery of optimal cancer imaging in both developing and advanced countries are manifold. Developing countries typically face dramatic shortages of both imaging equipment and general radiologists, and efforts to improve cancer imaging in these countries are often complicated by poor infrastructure, cultural barriers, and other obstacles. In advanced countries, on the other hand, although imaging equipment and general radiologists are typically accessible, the complexity of oncologic imaging and the need for subspecialists in the field are largely unrecognized; as a result, training opportunities are lacking, and there is a shortage of radiologists with the necessary subspecialty expertise to provide optimal cancer care and participate in advanced clinical research. This article is intended to raise awareness of these challenges and catalyze further efforts to address them. Some promising strategies and ongoing efforts are reviewed, and some specific actions are proposed