Нові аспекти стратегії формування інтелектуального капіталу в контексті модернізації національного господарства

Рецензія на цикл наукових праць: Бауліна Т.В. Інтелектуальний капітал: стратегічний ресурс трансформації національного господарства [Монографія]. – К.: МНТУ ім. Ю. Бугая, вид-во Вишемирський В.С., 2009. – 276 с.; Бауліна Т.В. Формування державної політики розвитку інноваційно-інтелектуальної сфери [Монографія]. – К.: МНТУ ім. Ю. Бугая, вид-во Вишемирський В.С., 2010. – 383 с

Satellite holmium M-edge spectra from the magnetic phase via resonant x-ray scattering

Developing an expression of resonant x-ray scattering (RXS) amplitude which is convenient for investigating the contributions from the higher rank tensor on the basis of a localized electron picture, we analyze the RXS spectra from the magnetic phases of Ho near the $M_{4,5}$ absorption edges. At the $M_5$ edge in the uniform helical phase, the calculated spectra of the absorption coefficient, the RXS intensities at the first and second satellite spots capture the properties the experimental data possess, such as the spectral shapes and the peak positions. This demonstrates the plausibility of the adoption of the localized picture in this material and the effectiveness of the spectral shape analysis. The latter point is markedly valuable since the azimuthal angle dependence, which is one of the most useful informations RXS can provides, is lacking in the experimental conditions. Then, by focusing on the temperature dependence of the spectral shape at the second satellite spot, we expect that the spectrum is the contribution of the pure rank two profile in the uniform helical and the conical phases while that is dominated by the rank one profile in the intermediate temperature phase, so-called spin slip phase. The change of the spectral shape as a function of temperature indicates a direct evidence of the change of magnetic structures undergoing. Furthermore, we predict that the intensity, which is the same order observed at the second satellite spot, is expected at the fourth satellite spot from the conical phase in the electric dipolar transition.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure

Thermo-Physical and Physical Properties for Use in Solidification Modelling of Multi-Component Alloys

International audienceThe thermo-physical and physical properties of the liquid and solid phases are critical components in casting simulations. Such properties include the fraction solid transformed, enthalpy release, thermal conductivity, volume and density, all as a function of temperature. Due to the difficulty in experimentally determining such properties at solidification temperatures, little information exists for multi-component alloys. As part of the development of a new computer programme for modelling of materials properties, JMatPro, extensive work has been carried out on the development of sound, physically based models for these properties. Wide-ranging results have previously been presented for Fe, Ni, Ti, Al and Mg-based alloys. The purpose of the present paper is to look at how changes in composition can substantially affect properties of multi-component alloys during solidification and further demonstrate how properties of the liquid can substantially vary in the mushy zone

Modelling of materials properties and behaviour critical to casting simulation

Abstract Thermo-physical and physical properties of liquid and solid phases during solidification are critical data for casting simulations. However, the number of alloys for which such information is available is limited, primarily due to the difficulty in experimentally determining these properties during the casting/solidification process. Because small variations in composition can have marked effects, it is unwise to extrapolate properties derived from other alloys. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the value of integrating the modelling of solidification and the associated thermo-physical and physical properties for multi-component alloys, using Java-based materials properties software (JMatPro). This includes how changes in the composition of an alloy within its specification range can substantially affect its properties during solidification and how properties of the liquid can vary significantly in the mushy zone

Host-mediated, cross-generational intraspecific competition in a multivoltine herbivore species

Conspecific insect herbivores co-occurring on the same host plant interact both directly through interference competition and indirectly through exploitative competition, plant-mediated interactions and enemy-mediated interactions. However, the situation is less clear when the interactions between conspecific insect herbivores are separated in time within the same growing season, as it is the case for multivoltine species. We hypothesized that early season herbivory would result in reduced egg laying and reduced performance of the next generation of herbivore on previously attacked plants. We tested this hypothesis in a choice experiment with box tree moth females, Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), to which box trees, Buxus sempervirens L. (Buxaceae), were proposed that had or had not been previously defoliated by BTM larvae earlier in the season. We then compared the performance of the next generation larvae on previously damaged vs undamaged plants. Previous herbivory had no effect on oviposition behaviour, but the weight of next generation larvae was significantly lower in previously damaged plants. There was a negative correlation between the number of egg clutches per plant and larval performance. Overall, our findings reveal that early season herbivory reduces the performance of conspecific individuals on the same host plant later in the growing season, and that this time-lagged intraspecific competition results from a mismatch between the oviposition preference of females and the performance of their offspring

Impact of early insect herbivory on the invasive oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata Say, 1832) in different oak species

Insect herbivores co-occurring on the same host plant interact in various ways. In particular, early-season insect herbivory triggers a wide range of plant responses that can determine the performance of herbivores colonizing the plant later in the course of the season. But the strength and direction of such effects are debated, and virtually unknown in the case of novel interactions involving exotic insects in their introduction range. We conducted an observational field study in SW France, a region recently invaded by the Oak Lace Bug (OLB, Corythucha arcuata Say). We measured early chewing damage and subsequent OLB damage in four oak species (Quercus robur, Q. pubescens, Q. cerris and Q. ilex). We set up a complementary non-choice experiment in the laboratory, feeding OLB with leaves with or without prior herbivory. The four oak species differed in their sensitivity to OLB damage, Q. ilex being broadly resistant. Prior herbivory promoted OLB damage in the laboratory experiment, but not in the field. However, prior herbivory did not alter the rank of oak resistance to the OLB. Our results suggest possible synergistic effects between spring defoliators and the OLB. This study brings insight into herbivore-herbivore interactions and their possible implications for forest management

Introduction of materials modelling into processing simulation

The introduction of materials modelling into computer-aided engineering (CAE) processing simulation has become popular in recent years, whereas the fundamental challenge lies in the development of material models that can calculate the properties essential for processing design and simulation. This paper reviews the recent development of such models and the material data that can be calculated include physical, thermophysical, and mechanical properties, as well as phase transformation kinetics. The calculated material data has been used as input to numerous CAE packages for the simulation of casting, welding, forming and heat treatments. Two case studies are presented here, one on the simulation of residual stress in linear friction welding of titanium alloys, and the other on the prediction of distortion and residual stress in heat-treated large steel rings.</jats:p