Combinatorial functions of two chimeric antibodies directed to human CD4 and one directed to the a-chain of the human interleukin-2 receptor

The general feasibility of chimerization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has already been shown for a large number of them. In order to evaluate in vitro parameters relevant to immunosuppressive therapy, we have chimerized and synthesized two anti-CD4 mAbs recognizing two different epitopes on the human T-lymphocyte antigen, CD4. The chimerized mAbs are produced at levels corresponding to those of the original hybridoma cell lines. With respect to activation of human complement, the individual Abs are negative; however, when used in combination, complement activation was performed. When applied in combination, they were found to modulate the CD4 antigen, whereas the individual mAb do not display this property. Individually they mediate an up to 60% inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). However, by combination of an anti-CD4 mAb with one directed against the a-chain of the human IL2 receptor, nearly 100% inhibition of the MLR was achieved, even with reduced dosage of the mAbs. Our data suggest that the combination of an anti-CD4 mAb and an anti-IL2Rcc chain mAb is more effective with respect to immunosuppression than each mAb by itself, indicating that this mAb cocktail could be a new strategy for immunosuppressive therapy

Das Eigene und das Fremde : Ein Porträt des diesjährigen Adelbert-von- Chamisso-Preisträgers Yüksel Pazarkaya

Donated by Klaus Kreise

Biographical Models in Modern German Literature

Having realized the untenableness of a quasi-omniscient biographical perspective, traditional historiography as well as the traditional novel are both faced with the same problem. Biographers have to abandon timehonoured patterns of teleological narrative techniques. In the literary field this led to the socalled crisis of the novel, which during the course of the twentieth century was eventually overcome by the insertion of fictitious passages, speculative interpretations and personal statements by the author, which in turn produced a new type of biographical novel, Sartre's socalled roman vrai. By this development biographers were pushed into the twilight zone between literature and historiography. Prismatic depictions of history from alternative perspectives of inherent - but never realized - possibilities, at times flashing back and forth between past and present and introducing a clearly recognizable element of personal comment and interpretation have been achieved.Having realized the untenableness of a quasi-omniscient biographical perspective, traditional historiography as well as the traditional novel are both faced with the same problem. Biographers have to abandon timehonoured patterns of teleological narrative techniques. In the literary field this led to the socalled crisis of the novel, which during the course of the twentieth century was eventually overcome by the insertion of fictitious passages, speculative interpretations and personal statements by the author, which in turn produced a new type of biographical novel, Sartre's socalled roman vrai. By this development biographers were pushed into the twilight zone between literature and historiography. Prismatic depictions of history from alternative perspectives of inherent - but never realized - possibilities, at times flashing back and forth between past and present and introducing a clearly recognizable element of personal comment and interpretation have been achieved

Thomas Manns „Buddenbrooks“ und der Mythos zerfallender Familien

Erhart W. Thomas Manns „Buddenbrooks“ und der Mythos zerfallender Familien. In: Brinker-von der Heyde C, Scheuer H, eds. Familienmuster – Musterfamilien. Zur Konstruktion von Familie in der Literatur. Frankfurt a. M.: Peter Lang; 2004: 161-184