7 research outputs found
Análise de timol em cera de abelha por micro-extracção em fase sólida (SPME)
A aplicação contĂnua de acaricĂdas lipofĂlicos sintĂ©ticos no tratamento das
abelhas conduz a uma acumulação que depende da frequência, lipofilicidade e
quantidade de princĂpio activo utilizada. Este efeito Ă© mais acentuado na cera
de abelha que no mel, no entanto, e porque a persistĂŞncia destes resĂduos Ă©
elevada, provoca o aparecimento de resistĂŞncias e a perda do seu efeito
acaricida.[1] Esta razĂŁo levou Ă pesquisa de outros compostos alternativos nĂŁo
tóxicos e não persistentes, com efeito sobre o ácaro das abelhas, Varroa
Jacobsoni. Entre estes compostos encontra-se o timol, um composto fenĂłlico,
volátil, presente no tomilho. Dos diversos componentes dos óleos essenciais
este Ă© sem dĂşvida o que demonstrou maior efeito acaricida, utilizando-se no
tratamento das abelhas directamente ou como componente de diversas
formulações.[2] Em Portugal, foi introduzido muito recentemente sob a forma
comercial de APIGUARD: um gel, Ă base de timol, que controla termicamente a
libertação do princĂpio activo.
O controlo dos resĂduos de timol na cera de abelha e no mel Ă© assim um
desafio actual quer do ponto de vista sanitário quer de qualidade alimentar.
A micro-extracção em fase sólida (SPME) é uma técnica de preparação de
amostras que se baseia na sorção de analĂtos no revestimento de uma fibra de
sĂlica fundida e posterior desorção tĂ©rmica no injector de um cromatĂłgrafo em
fase gasosa (GC). Para além de combinar num único processo etapas de
extracção, purificação e concentração dos analitos, a técnica de SPME
apresenta uma série de vantagens relativamente às técnicas de extracção
convencionais, como a extracção lĂquido-lĂquido e extracção em fase sĂłlida,
nomeadamente a sua relativa simplicidade e rapidez, reduzido custo e nĂŁo
utilização de solventes para a extracção de analitos, para além de permitir a
extracção por imersĂŁo directa na amostra gasosa ou lĂquida e extracção por
amostragem do espaço-de-cabeça da amostra lĂquida ou sĂłlida.[3] Ao contrário
das técnicas tradicionais, que permitem uma extracção quantitativa dos
analitos, a tĂ©cnica de SPME baseia-se num equilĂbrio de partição do analito.
Esta particularidade torna a tĂ©cnica de SPME bastante sensĂvel a parâmetros
experimentais que possam afectar os coeficientes de partição dos analitos e,
consequentemente, a sensibilidade e reprodutibilidade dos resultados.[4]
O objectivo deste trabalho Ă© o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para a
análise de timol em ceras contaminadas, utilizando como padrão interno a
benzofenona. Em primeiro lugar, procedeu-se à optimização da técnica através
da determinação da quantidade de cera, temperatura de análise e perĂodo de
contacto da fibra com o espaço-de-cabeça da amostra mais adequados para o
caso em estudo. Numa segunda fase, procedeu-se à análise de diversas
lâminas de cera contaminadas propositadamente com timol e sujeitas a
diferentes condições de armazenamento: em frio, ao ar e em estufa.
Finalmente, procedeu-se à construção da curva de calibração e quantificação
do timol presente nas diversas amostras de cera analisadas.
Considerando-se os resultados, para os nĂveis de contaminação avaliados, as
condições analĂticas mais adequadas ocorrem com a utilização de 1 g de cera,
mantendo-se a fibra em contacto com o espaço-de-cabeça durante 40 minutos
a uma temperatura de 60 ÂşC. Nestas condições experimentais foi possĂvel obter
uma boa correlação linear (r2=0,990) no intervalo de concentrações [3,5-14
mg/g]. A quantidade de timol encontrada nas amostras Ă© significativamente
inferior à colocada durante o processo de fabrico das lâminas, pelo que o
processo de conservação não é o mais adequado, sendo evidente uma menor
quantidade de timol quando a lâmina de cera é colocada na estufa
Regional variation in hemoglobin distribution among individuals with chronic kidney disease: the ISN International Network of Chronic Kidney Disease (iNET-CKD) Cohorts
Introduction: Despite recognized geographic and sex-based differences in hemoglobin in the general population, these factors are typically ignored in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in whom a single therapeutic range for hemoglobin is recommended. We sought to compare the distribution of hemoglobin across international nondialysis CKD populations and evaluate predictors of hemoglobin.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, hemoglobin distribution was evaluated in each cohort overall and stratified by sex and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Relationships between candidate predictors and hemoglobin were assessed from linear regression models in each cohort. Estimates were subsequently pooled in a random effects model.Results: A total of 58,613 participants from 21 adult cohorts (median eGFR range of 17–49 ml/min) and 3 pediatric cohorts (median eGFR range of 26–45 ml/min) were included with broad geographic representation. Hemoglobin values varied substantially among the cohorts, overall and within eGFR categories, with particularly low mean hemoglobin observed in women from Asian and African cohorts. Across the eGFR range, women had a lower hemoglobin compared to men, even at an eGFR of 15 ml/min (mean difference 5.3 g/l, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7–6.9). Lower eGFR, female sex, older age, lower body mass index, and diabetic kidney disease were all independent predictors of a lower hemoglobin value; however, this only explained a minority of variance (R2 7%–44% across cohorts).Conclusion: There are substantial regional differences in hemoglobin distribution among individuals with CKD, and the majority of variance is unexplained by demographics, eGFR, or comorbidities. These findings call for a renewed interest in improving our understanding of hemoglobin determinants in specific CKD populations.</p
Effects of intervention with sulindac and inulin/VSL#3 on mucosal and luminal factors in the pouch of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis
Contains fulltext :
97862.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND/AIM: In order to define future chemoprevention strategies for adenomas or carcinomas in the pouch of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), a 4-weeks intervention with (1) sulindac, (2) inulin/VSL#3, and (3) sulindac/inulin/VSL#3 was performed on 17 patients with FAP in a single center intervention study. Primary endpoints were the risk parameters cell proliferation and glutathione S-transferase (GST) detoxification capacity in the pouch mucosa; secondary endpoints were the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents, pH, and cytotoxicity of fecal water. METHODS: Before the start and at the end of each 4-week intervention period, six biopsies of the pouch were taken and feces was collected during 24 h. Cell proliferation and GST enzyme activity was assessed in the biopsies and pH, SCFA contents, and cytotoxicity were assessed in the fecal water fraction. The three interventions (sulindac, inulin/VSL#3, sulindac/inulin/VSL#3) were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Cell proliferation was lower after sulindac or VSL#3/inulin, the combination treatment with sulindac/inulin/VSL#3 showed the opposite. GST enzyme activity was increased after sulindac or VSL#3/inulin, the combination treatment showed the opposite effect. However, no significance was reached in all these measures. Cytotoxicity, pH, and SCFA content of fecal water showed no differences at all among the three treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed non-significant decreased cell proliferation and increased detoxification capacity after treatment with sulindac or VSL#3/inulin; however, combining both regimens did not show an additional effect
Regional Variation in Hemoglobin Distribution Among Individuals With CKD: the ISN International Network of CKD Cohorts
Despite recognized geographic and sex-based differences in hemoglobin in the general population, these factors are typically ignored in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in whom a single therapeutic range for hemoglobin is recommended. We sought to compare the distribution of hemoglobin across international nondialysis CKD populations and evaluate predictors of hemoglobin
Regional Variation in Hemoglobin Distribution Among Individuals With CKD: the ISN International Network of CKD Cohorts
International audienceIntroduction: Despite recognized geographic and sex-based differences in hemoglobin in the general population, these factors are typically ignored in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in whom a single therapeutic range for hemoglobin is recommended. We sought to compare the distribution of hemoglobin across international nondialysis CKD populations and evaluate predictors of hemoglobin. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, hemoglobin distribution was evaluated in each cohort overall and stratified by sex and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Relationships between candidate predictors and hemoglobin were assessed from linear regression models in each cohort. Estimates were subsequently pooled in a random effects model. Results: A total of 58,613 participants from 21 adult cohorts (median eGFR range of 17–49 ml/min) and 3 pediatric cohorts (median eGFR range of 26–45 ml/min) were included with broad geographic representation. Hemoglobin values varied substantially among the cohorts, overall and within eGFR categories, with particularly low mean hemoglobin observed in women from Asian and African cohorts. Across the eGFR range, women had a lower hemoglobin compared to men, even at an eGFR of 15 ml/min (mean difference 5.3 g/l, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7–6.9). Lower eGFR, female sex, older age, lower body mass index, and diabetic kidney disease were all independent predictors of a lower hemoglobin value; however, this only explained a minority of variance (R2 7%–44% across cohorts). Conclusion: There are substantial regional differences in hemoglobin distribution among individuals with CKD, and the majority of variance is unexplained by demographics, eGFR, or comorbidities. These findings call for a renewed interest in improving our understanding of hemoglobin determinants in specific CKD populations