Mikrostrukturierung von Lanthanoid-dotierten, Sol-Gel-basierten dünnen Schichten

Die Verwendung von SiO2 - Gelen, die mit Leuchtstoffen zur Umwandlung von UV-Licht in sichtbares Licht dotiert waren, wurde für die Erzeugung von dünnen Schichten auf industriell relevanten Substraten untersucht. Carboxylatkomplexe der Lanthanoiden wurden als Leuchtstoffe ausgewählt, da sie hohe Quanteneffizienz kombiniert mit leichter Synthetisierbarkeit aufweisen. Die Komplexe zeigten, abhängig vom Liganden, Anregungsmaxima im gesamten UV-Spektrum. Verschiedene Methoden zur Strukturierung der Schichten wurden untersucht. Die Strukturierung mittels Photolithographie zeigte die besten Ergebnisse. Auf diese Weise waren Strukturen mit einer minimalen Kantenlänge von 40 µm möglich. Aber auch weniger aufwändige Verfahren lieferten strukturierte Beschichtungen in optischer Qualität mit einer Auflösung im Millimeterbereich. Alternativ wurde die Beschichtung von Glasfasern untersucht. Weiterhin wurde demonstriert, mit Leuchtstoff dotierte Schichten als Sensor für UV-Licht zu nutzen

Анализ влияния факторов различных направлений энергетики на окружающую среду

На основании использованных источников проведен анализ влияния факторов направлений современной энергетики на окружающую среду. Рассмотрены влияния трёх видов энергетики. Влияние на окружающую среду каждого вида по отдельности. Выявлено, что человечество до сих пор не создало экологически чистых способов получения энергии и сохранении не возобновляемых ресурсов.Based on the sources used, the analysis of the influence of the directions of modern energy on the environment was carried out. Influences of three types of power are considered. Effect on the environment of each species separately. It has been revealed that mankind has not yet created environmentally friendly ways of obtaining energy and preserving non-renewable resources

Use of Surrogate end points in HTA

The different actors involved in health system decision-making and regulation have to deal with the question which are valid parameters to assess the health value of health technologies

Surface modification, strengthening effect and electrochemical comparative study of Zn-Al2O3-CeO3 and Zn-TiO2-CeO3 coating on mild steel

Surface enhancement of engineering materials is necessary for preventing service failure and corrosion attacks industrially. The surface modification, strengthening effect and electrochemical comparative study of Zn-Al2O3-CeO3 and Zn-TiO2-CeO3 coating on mild steel was investigated. Deposition was performed to obtain a better surface adherent coating using the electrodeposition technique. Co-deposition of mild steel resulted into surface modification attributes to the complex alloys that were developed. Films of mild steel were electrodeposited on zinc electrodes using the chloride bath solutions. The effect of deposition potentials was systematically studied using a focus ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM) to observe the surface morphology, topography and the surface adherent properties of the coatings. The elemental composition and the phases evolved in composite coatings were measured by means of the energy dispersed spectrometer (EDS). The microhardness measurements and corrosion behaviours of the deposits were investigated. Weight loss measurement was conducted on the plated samples to observe the rate of corrosion and it was observed that there was severe corrosion on the controlled sample in comparison to the plated samples and that Zn-TiO2-CeO3 resisted more corrosion attacks

Clinical management of borderline tumours of the ovary: results of a multicentre survey of 323 clinics in Germany

The aim of this survey was to analyse the standard of care in diagnostic, surgery, chemotherapy and aftercare management for patients with borderline tumours of the ovary (BOTs) in Germany. A structured questionnaire comprising different dimensions was sent to all 1114 gynaecological departments. The questionnaire could be returned anonymously. The overall response rate was 29.0% (323 departments). Most departments were on secondary care (71.8%), tertiary care (23.2%) or university hospital (5.0%) level. Most clinicians performed not more than five BOT operations (89.2%) per year. Most departments (93.2%) used in addition to classical bimanual examination and vaginal ultrasound, tumour marker CA-125 detection, CT scan, MRI or PET-CT techniques. Departments in university and tertiary care hospitals performed more often a fresh frozen section (87 vs 64%). In young women, clinicians performed much seldom unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (92%) and only in 53% biopsies of the contralateral ovary. Generally, biopsies of the contralateral ovary were performed in 4–53% of the patients. Chemotherapy was mostly favoured in ‘high-risk' patients with tumour residual, microinvasion or invasive implants. Thus, a high grade of insecurity in diagnostic and therapy of BOT exists in some gynaecological departments and underlines the need for more educational and study activities

Long-term outcomes for neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer: meta-analysis of individual patient data from ten randomised trials

Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for early breast cancer can make breast-conserving surgery more feasible and might be more likely to eradicate micrometastatic disease than might the same chemotherapy given after surgery. We investigated the long-term benefits and risks of NACT and the influence of tumour characteristics on outcome with a collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data from relevant randomised trials. Methods We obtained information about prerandomisation tumour characteristics, clinical tumour response, surgery, recurrence, and mortality for 4756 women in ten randomised trials in early breast cancer that began before 2005 and compared NACT with the same chemotherapy given postoperatively. Primary outcomes were tumour response, extent of local therapy, local and distant recurrence, breast cancer death, and overall mortality. Analyses by intention-to-treat used standard regression (for response and frequency of breast-conserving therapy) and log-rank methods (for recurrence and mortality). Findings Patients entered the trials from 1983 to 2002 and median follow-up was 9 years (IQR 5–14), with the last follow-up in 2013. Most chemotherapy was anthracycline based (3838 [81%] of 4756 women). More than two thirds (1349 [69%] of 1947) of women allocated NACT had a complete or partial clinical response. Patients allocated NACT had an increased frequency of breast-conserving therapy (1504 [65%] of 2320 treated with NACT vs 1135 [49%] of 2318 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy). NACT was associated with more frequent local recurrence than was adjuvant chemotherapy: the 15 year local recurrence was 21·4% for NACT versus 15·9% for adjuvant chemotherapy (5·5% increase [95% CI 2·4–8·6]; rate ratio 1·37 [95% CI 1·17–1·61]; p=0·0001). No significant difference between NACT and adjuvant chemotherapy was noted for distant recurrence (15 year risk 38·2% for NACT vs 38·0% for adjuvant chemotherapy; rate ratio 1·02 [95% CI 0·92–1·14]; p=0·66), breast cancer mortality (34·4% vs 33·7%; 1·06 [0·95–1·18]; p=0·31), or death from any cause (40·9% vs 41·2%; 1·04 [0·94–1·15]; p=0·45). Interpretation Tumours downsized by NACT might have higher local recurrence after breast-conserving therapy than might tumours of the same dimensions in women who have not received NACT. Strategies to mitigate the increased local recurrence after breast-conserving therapy in tumours downsized by NACT should be considered—eg, careful tumour localisation, detailed pathological assessment, and appropriate radiotherapy