2,456 research outputs found
Multiple Imputation von fehlenden Werten mit Daten über Unterernährung und Kindersterblichkeit
In dieser Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen einer Ersetzung von fehlenden Werten auf das Ergebnis einer Regressionsanalyse untersucht. Grundlage ist eine Untersuchung von Klasen (2000) über die Unterschiede im Zusammenhang zwischen Unterernährung und Kindersterblichkeit in Afrika und Südasien. In dem Makro-Datensatz, welcher 101 Entwicklungsländer umfasst, fällt etwa ein Drittel der 273 Beobachtungen weg, da für verschiedene verwendete Variablen die Werte fehlen. Die so verloren gegangenen Informationen sollen in dieser Untersuchung genutzt werden um die Schätzergebnisse zu verbessern. Hierzu wird ein Verfahren zur multiplen Imputation verwandt, in welchem mit einem Data-Augmentation-Verfahren mehrere vervollständigte Datensätze generiert werden, mit welchen dann getrennt Schätzungen durchgeführt werden. Die Ergebnisse der Schätzungen werden dann miteinander kombiniert. Durch die Auswertung mehrerer vervollständigter Datensätze wird eine höhere Effizienz der Schätzer erreicht. Ein Vergleich von Regressionsanalysen, die mit dem vervollständigten Daten durchgeführt wurden, mit einer Complete-case-Analyse hat gezeigt, dass sich bestimmte Koeffizienten in ihrer Größenordnung geändert haben. Bei manchen Koeffizienten sind unplausible Vorzeichen aus der Complete-case Analyse verschwunden. Es ist also vorteilhaft, bei Problemen mit fehlenden Werten moderne Imputationsverfahren zu verwenden. Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse aus der Untersuchung von Klasen (2000) konnten dennoch bestätigt werden. Durch die Ersetzung der fehlenden Werte konnten noch eine Reihe von Variablen zugänglich gemacht werden, die in den bisherigen Untersuchungen nicht verwendet wurden, da dadurch auf noch mehr Beobachtungen hätte verzichtet werden müssen
Cyclic mutually unbiased bases, Fibonacci polynomials and Wiedemann's conjecture
We relate the construction of a complete set of cyclic mutually unbiased
bases, i. e., mutually unbiased bases generated by a single unitary operator,
in power-of-two dimensions to the problem of finding a symmetric matrix over
F_2 with an irreducible characteristic polynomial that has a given Fibonacci
index. For dimensions of the form 2^(2^k) we present a solution that shows an
analogy to an open conjecture of Wiedemann in finite field theory. Finally, we
discuss the equivalence of mutually unbiased bases.Comment: 11 pages, added chapter on equivalenc
Autonomous frequency domain identification: Theory and experiment
The analysis, design, and on-orbit tuning of robust controllers require more information about the plant than simply a nominal estimate of the plant transfer function. Information is also required concerning the uncertainty in the nominal estimate, or more generally, the identification of a model set within which the true plant is known to lie. The identification methodology that was developed and experimentally demonstrated makes use of a simple but useful characterization of the model uncertainty based on the output error. This is a characterization of the additive uncertainty in the plant model, which has found considerable use in many robust control analysis and synthesis techniques. The identification process is initiated by a stochastic input u which is applied to the plant p giving rise to the output. Spectral estimation (h = P sub uy/P sub uu) is used as an estimate of p and the model order is estimated using the produce moment matrix (PMM) method. A parametric model unit direction vector p is then determined by curve fitting the spectral estimate to a rational transfer function. The additive uncertainty delta sub m = p - unit direction vector p is then estimated by the cross spectral estimate delta = P sub ue/P sub uu where e = y - unit direction vectory y is the output error, and unit direction vector y = unit direction vector pu is the computed output of the parametric model subjected to the actual input u. The experimental results demonstrate the curve fitting algorithm produces the reduced-order plant model which minimizes the additive uncertainty. The nominal transfer function estimate unit direction vector p and the estimate delta of the additive uncertainty delta sub m are subsequently available to be used for optimization of robust controller performance and stability
Global attractors for Cahn-Hilliard equations with non constant mobility
We address, in a three-dimensional spatial setting, both the viscous and the
standard Cahn-Hilliard equation with a nonconstant mobility coefficient. As it
was shown in J.W. Barrett and J.W. Blowey, Math. Comp., 68 (1999), 487-517, one
cannot expect uniqueness of the solution to the related initial and boundary
value problems. Nevertheless, referring to J. Ball's theory of generalized
semiflows, we are able to prove existence of compact quasi-invariant global
attractors for the associated dynamical processes settled in the natural
"finite energy" space. A key point in the proof is a careful use of the energy
equality, combined with the derivation of a "local compactness" estimate for
systems with supercritical nonlinearities, which may have an independent
interest. Under growth restrictions on the configuration potential, we also
show existence of a compact global attractor for the semiflow generated by the
(weaker) solutions to the nonviscous equation characterized by a "finite
entropy" condition
The Origin of Transverse Flow at the SPS
We study the transverse expansion in central Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN
SPS. Strong collective motion of hadrons can be created. This flow is mainly
due to meson baryon rescattering. It allows to study the angular distribution
of intermediate mass meson baryon interactions.Comment: submitted to Phys. Lett.
Resonant tunneling-based spin ratchets
We outline a generic ratchet mechanism for creating directed spin-polarized
currents in ac-driven double well or double dot structures by employing
resonant spin transfer through the system engineered by local external magnetic
fields. We show its applicability to semiconductor nanostructures by
considering coherent transport through two coupled lateral quantum dots, where
the energy levels of the two dots exhibit opposite Zeeman spin splitting. We
perform numerical quantum mechanical calculations for the I-V characteristics
of this system in the nonlinear regime, which requires a self-consistent
treatment of the charge redistribution due to the applied finite bias. We show
that this setting enables nonzero averaged net spin currents in the absence of
net charge transport.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Particle transfer and fusion cross-section for Super-heavy nuclei in dinuclear system
Within the dinuclear system (DNS) conception, instead of solving
Fokker-Planck Equation (FPE) analytically, the Master equation is solved
numerically to calculate the fusion probability of super-heavy nuclei, so that
the harmonic oscillator approximation to the potential energy of the DNS is
avoided. The relative motion concerning the energy, the angular momentum, and
the fragment deformation relaxations is explicitly treated to couple with the
diffusion process, so that the nucleon transition probabilities, which are
derived microscopically, are time-dependent. Comparing with the analytical
solution of FPE, our results preserve more dynamical effects. The calculated
evaporation residue cross sections for one-neutron emission channel of Pb-based
reactions are basically in agreement with the known experimental data within
one order of magnitude.Comment: 19 pages, plus 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Formation of ions by high energy photons
We calculate the electron energy spectrum of ionization by a high energy
photon, accompanied by creation of electron-positron pair. The total cross
section of the process is also obtained. The asymptotics of the cross section
does not depend on the photon energies. At the photon energies exceeding a
certain value this appeares to to be the dominant mechanism of
formation of the ions. The dependence of on the value of nuclear
charge is obtained. Our results are consistent with experimental data.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure
Baryon stopping and strange baryon/antibaryon production at SPS energies
The amount of proton stopping in central Pb+Pb collisions from 20-160 AGeV as
well as hyperon and antihyperon rapidity distributions are calculated within
the UrQMD model in comparison to experimental data at 40, 80 and 160 AGeV taken
recently from the NA49 collaboration. Furthermore, the amount of baryon
stopping at 160 AGeV for Pb+Pb collisions is studied as a function of
centrality in comparison to the NA49 data. We find that the strange baryon
yield is reasonably described for central collisions, however, the rapidity
distributions are somewhat more narrow than the data. Moreover, the
experimental antihyperon rapidity distributions at 40, 80 and 160 AGeV are
underestimated by up to factors of 3 - depending on the annihilation cross
section employed - which might be addressed to missing multi-meson fusion
channels in the UrQMD model.Comment: 18 pages, including 7 eps figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
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