Finance fragmented? Frankfurt and Paris as European financial centres after Brexit

Brexit creates an opportunity for alternative European financial centres. However, no comprehensive empirical analysis of the strategic positioning of actors within these financial centres has been conducted. In this article we outline findings from an extensive research project which we conducted in Frankfurt and Paris, two of the main ‘rivals’ to the City of London, in the aftermath of Brexit. We outline the core findings from this project and argue that the emerging competition between Frankfurt and Paris is shaped through four related axes: diversity, path dependency, territory and regulatory stability. Our analysis has implications for two bodies of literature within EU studies. First, inter-governmentalist and supra-nationalist approaches would benefit from interrogating more closely the contested sub-national politics of financial centres. Second, our analysis adds to a growing body of literature on European disintegration by interrogating the interaction of fragmentary and integrative dynamics in the sphere of European finance

La filière automobile allemande face aux enjeux des années 1990

Herausforderungen der 90er Jahre an die deutsche « Automobilfilière ». — Am Ende einer langen Expansionsphase, die in einem gegebenen Standortsystem stattfand, stehen Autoproduzenten wie deren Zulieferer gleichzeitig vor stagnierenden traditionellen Märkten und neu erschlossenen Märkten, einer zunehmenden Konkurrenz durch japanische 'transplants' — sowohl in den USA als auch in Groäbritannien — sowie dem Aufkommen einer neuen Produktionsphilosophie. Die neuen Unternehmensstrategien, die sowohl interne und externe Flexibilisierung der Produktion als auch die Internationalisierung der Produktionskette in Europa anstreben, versuchen zugleich, die technische Kompetenz in Deutschland zu sichern. Daraus entsteht eine neue râumliche Arbeitsteilung, die erhebliche Auswirkungen auf solche Regionen haben wird, die bislang traditionell vom Fahrzeugbau bestimmt werden.The German automobile filière facing new challenges during the 1990s. — At the end of a long expansion phase which happened in a spatial production System of car manufacturing existant for long, car manufacturer in Germany as well as their suppliers face stagnating tradition al markets and the opening of new markets at the same time, increasing competition by Japanese transplants either located in the U.S. or U.K., and the emergence of a new philosophy of production. New strategies of enterprises both in search of internal and external flexibility and of internationalising the filière on the European level try to safeguard, at the same time, technical competence in Germany. Hence, a new spatial division of labour is emerging which will have major repercussions on those regions traditionally determined by automobile production.A la fin d'une longue phase d'expansion se déroulant dans un système spatial déjà ancien, les firmes automobiles allemandes ainsi que leurs fournisseurs font face à la stagnation des marchés traditionnels et à l'ouverture de marchés nouveaux, à la concurrence progressive des 'transplants' japonais localisés aux États-Unis ou en Angleterre, et enfin à l'apparition d'une nouvelle philosophie de la production. Des stratégies nouvelles se composant de la recherche d'une flexibilité interne et externe et d'une internationalisation de la filière au niveau de l'Europe essaient en même temps de conserver la compétence technologique en Allemagne. Donc, une nouvelle division spatiale du travail pourrait se développer, qui aura des effets importants sur les régions traditionnellement marquées par la production automobile.Schamp E.W. La filière automobile allemande face aux enjeux des années 1990. In: Revue Géographique de l'Est, tome 33, n°2,1993. Mutations technologiques en Allemagne. pp. 107-122

Standort-Persistenz in geaenderten Zeiten - aus wirtschaftsgeographischer Perspektive - LOGIK-Plattform. LOGIK-Arbeitspapier Nr. 7

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: QN 407(7) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Bonn (Germany); Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Technik und Umwelt (Germany). Projekttraeger Produktion und FertigungstechnologienDEGerman

Opposing community assembly patterns for dominant and jonnondominant plant species in herbaceous ecosystems globally

Biotic and abiotic factors interact with dominant plants—the locally most frequent or with the largest coverage—and nondominant plants differently, partially because dominant plants modify the environment where nondominant plants grow. For instance, if dominant plants compete strongly, they will deplete most resources, forcing nondominant plants into a narrower niche space. Conversely, if dominant plants are constrained by the environment, they might not exhaust available resources but instead may ameliorate environmental stressors that usually limit nondominants. Hence, the nature of interactions among nondominant species could be modified by dominant species. Furthermore, these differences could translate into a disparity in the phylogenetic relatedness among dominants compared to the relatedness among nondominants. By estimating phylogenetic dispersion in 78 grasslands across five continents, we found that dominant species were clustered (e.g., co-dominant grasses), suggesting dominant species are likely organized by environmental filtering, and that nondominant species were either randomly assembled or overdispersed. Traits showed similar trends for those sites (<50%) with sufficient trait data. Furthermore, several lineages scattered in the phylogeny had more nondominant species than expected at random, suggesting that traits common in nondominants are phylogenetically conserved and have evolved multiple times. We also explored environmental drivers of the dominant/nondominant disparity. We found different assembly patterns for dominants and nondominants, consistent with asymmetries in assembly mechanisms. Among the different postulated mechanisms, our results suggest two complementary hypotheses seldom explored: (1) Nondominant species include lineages adapted to thrive in the environment generated by dominant species. (2) Even when dominant species reduce resources to nondominant ones, dominant species could have a stronger positive effect on some nondominants by ameliorating environmental stressors affecting them, than by depleting resources and increasing the environmental stress to those nondominants. These results show that the dominant/nondominant asymmetry has ecological and evolutionary consequences fundamental to understand plant communities

Geographies of circulation and exchange: constructions of markets

Although markets are at centre stage in capitalist processes of circulation and exchange, they have rarely been made an object of study. In this paper we distinguish three heterodox approaches. (1) Socioeconomics points out that concrete markets cannot be separated from their social context. Markets are dissolved in social networks and socialized. (2) Political economy investigates how the market model is confused for real markets by market participants. The market is represented as a destructive force. (3) Cultural economists point to the practical self-realization of economic knowledge and argue that the abstract market model is performative