Developmental disturbances associated with agenesis of the permanent maxillary lateral incisor

The aim of this study was to characterise the intra and extra-oral phenotype associated with agenesis of the permanent maxillary lateral incisor. We compared three groups: (1) subjects with agenesis of one or both permanent maxillary lateral incisors (n=80); (2) first and second degree relatives of group 1 with no agenesis of the permanent maxillary lateral incisor and (3) subjects with no agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisor or family history of it (n=49). For each of the 201 subjects detailed clinical information was reviewed and panoramic radiographs were analysed. Considering only the sample with unilateral agenesis, microdontia of the contralateral permanent maxillary lateral incisor was significantly more frequent in group 1 (82.4%) than in group 2 (25%) and the control group (2%). This supports the theory that microdontia is a variable expression of the same developmental disturbance that causes tooth agenesis. The absence of third molars occurred more often in group 1 (36.2%) than in groups 2 and 3 (18.6% and 18.9% respectively), confirming that agenesis of third molars was markedly associated with the agenesis of the permanent maxillary lateral incisor. Agenesis of teeth other than third molars was not significantly different among subjects with agenesis of the permanent maxillary lateral incisor and their relatives. The frequencies of supernumerary teeth, permanent maxillary canine impaction, general health condition and minor anomalies were not significantly different between the three groups

The Associations of Maternal and Neonatal Vitamin D with Dental Development in Childhood

Background: Vitamin D influences the formation and mineralization of teeth. Objective: To investigate the association of maternal and neonatal vitamin D concentrations with the dental development of 10-y-old children, in a population-based prospective cohort study among 3,770 mothers and children in the Netherlands. Methods: Maternal venous blood samples were collected in the second trimester (median 20.4 weeks of gestation; range: 18.5-23.2 wk) whereas umbilical cord blood samples were collected immediately after delivery (median 40.1 weeks of gestation; range 35.9-42.3 wk). Dental development was defined using the Demirjian method. Multivariate regression models were built to analyze the studied associations. Results: High concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] during midpregnancy (beta: -0.04; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.01) and at birth (beta: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.10, -0.02) were associated with a lower dental age in children. The children of mothers with severe vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D /=75.0 nmol/L). Children with vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D 25.0-49.9 nmol/L] at birth exhibited a higher dental age (beta: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.20), higher developmental stages of the mandibular second premolar (beta: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.51), and higher developmental stages of the mandibular second molar (beta: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.48) compared with children with sufficient-to-optimal values of 25(OH)D (>/=50.0 nmol/L) at birth. Conclusion: Higher maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with decelerated dental development in childhood. The lower the vitamin D level during midpregnancy or at birth, the higher the dental age of children, and the higher the developmental stages of the mandibular teeth

Effects of hypodontia on craniofacial structures and mandibular growth pattern

Introduction This study was performed to examine craniofacial structures in persons with hypodontia and to reveal any differences, that may occur, when agenetic teeth are only found in the maxilla, the mandible or in both jaws. The groups consistent of 50 children (33 girls, 17 boys) aged between 9 and 13.5 years were analyzed and assigned to three subgroups. Group 1= upper jaw hypodontia. Group 2= lower jaw hypodontia. Group 3= hypodontia in both jaws. Material and methods Eleven angular and three index measurements from lateral encephalographs and two linear measurements from dental blaster casts were calculated. All data was statistically analyzed, parameters with p<5% were investigated for each subgroup respectively. Results In comparison with standards the study group showed bimaxillary retrognathism and a reduction of the lower anterior facial height. Moreover both overbite and overjet significantly increased. Other values laid within the normal ranges. Evaluating results of the subgroups, differences in the means of SNA, SNB and overjet between the groups were observed. Analysis of the mandibular growth pattern revealed, that neither vertical nor horizontal patterns are dominant in hypodontia patients. Conclusions In certain dentofacial parameters differences between persons with hypodontia and such with full dentition exist. According to our findings agenetic teeth may have a negative influence on the saggital development of a jaw and the lower face and may be responsible for increased overbites. This should receive attention in orthodontic treatment of hypodontia patients

Disturbances of dental development distinguish patients with oligodontia-ectodermal dysplasia from isolated oligodontia

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