Målsägande i marknadsmanipulation och en skadelidande investerare i straffprocessen

Värdepappersmarknaden är en del av det globala finansiella system vars samhälleliga uppgift är att allokera och omfördela ekonomiska tillgångar, investeringar och risk. För att på bästa sätt fylla dessa funktioner krävs att marknaden är effektiv och likvid samt att priserna på marknaden reagerar enligt ny information. Hoten mot en sådan välfungerande marknad är påtagliga och lagstiftaren har i omgångar under de senaste decennierna intervenerat för att förebygga skadliga beteenden. En av de centrala interventionerna är förbud mot marknadsmissbruk som riktar sig mot skapandet och utnyttjandet av informationsasymmetrier. Marknadsmanipulation är ett sådant beteende och förbudsbestämmelser finns både i värdepappersmarknadens myndighetsreglering och bland de civilrättsliga normerna. Avhandlingen undersöker utifrån två frågeställningar en skadelidande investerares roll i marknadsmanipulation i straffprocessen. Forskningsfrågans första led har bakgrund i den, tidvis, omfattande kritik som förts fram i inhemsk doktrin gällande oklart ersättningsansvar i värdepappersmarknadsbrott och avsaknad av målsägande. Avhandlingen analyserar målsägandebegreppet i marknadsmanipulation utgående från en hybriddefinition som kompletterar Granfelts målsägandedefinition med processuella definitioner. Inget av de målsägandekriterier avhandlingen analyserat tyder på att en skadelidande investerare kan beviljas målsägandeställning i marknadsmanipulation. Forskningsfrågans andra led analyserar en skadelidande investerares möjlighet att bevaka sina intressen som tredje man i straffprocessen. Denna möjlighet synes framför allt vara beroende av att den rättsliga dimensionen av skada i marknadsmanipulation klargörs i lagstiftningen. Detta förutsätter, förutom förtydligande av vissa skadeståndsrättsliga frågor, (1) klargörande av om den enskildes skada i marknadsmanipulation kan utredas vid förundersökningen och (2) i vilka fall den skadelidande investeraren kan kumulera sitt skadeståndsanspråk enligt adhesionsprincipen att behandlas i brottmålsrättegången samt (3) tydligare normer och praxis beträffande när domstolen i brottmålsrättegång i marknadsmanipulation ska separera åtalet och det privaträttsliga anspråket enligt lag om rättegång i brottmål

Handbuch der gesetze über ausschliessende privilegien auf neue erùndungen, entdeckungen und verbesserungen im gebiethe der industrie, enthaltend den originaltext der in den bedeutenderen staaten diessfalls geltenden gesetze, patente, verordnungen, u. dgl., mit nebenstehender deutscher uebersetzung jener, die in fremden sprachen erlassen wurden, und erläuternden anmerkungen,

Mode of access: Internet

The Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing SCAI

The Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing SCAI, together with its forerunner institutes, will be 50 years old in 2018. This means that a large part of the development of information technology has been accompanied by SCAI. And at least on the software and the algorithmic side, SCAI has contributed substantially to this development

Scientific Computing and Algorithms in Industrial Simulations: Projects and Products of Fraunhofer SCAI

The contributions gathered here provide an overview of current research projects and selected software products of the Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing SCAI. They show the wide range of challenges that scientific computing currently faces, the solutions it offers, and its important role in developing applications for industry. Given the exciting field of applied collaborative research and development it discusses, the book will appeal to scientists, practitioners, and students alike. The Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing SCAI combines excellent research and application-oriented development to provide added value for our partners. SCAI develops numerical techniques, parallel algorithms and specialized software tools to support and optimize industrial simulations. Moreover, it implements custom software solutions for production and logistics, and offers calculations on high-performance computers. Its services and prod ucts are based on state-of-the-art methods from applied mathematics and information technology

Cluster of Supercomputers - an Alternative to Massively Parallel Computing

. We discuss the question, whether the parallel IFS weather prediction model of the ECMWF can efficiently run on a cluster of supercomputers. In a joint project with Cray Research, we studied C90 systems which were connected by Hippi channels. The analysis shows that indeed a very high efficiency can be achieved provided the right parallelisation, cluster partitioning, and mapping approach is applied. Keywords. cluster computing, cluster of supercomputers, parallel computing, performance prediction, Cray C90, Hippi channel. 1 Introduction Cluster computing -- the use of a strongly connected cluster of (shared memory) high performance computers instead of a single supercomputer -- is a topic of central interest. However very little practical experience has been made so far with large scale production codes on clusters of supercomputers. In a joint project with CRAY Research and in close co-operation with the ECMWF, we investigated the potential of cluster computing for weather (and ..

LiSS - An environment for the parallel multigrid solution of partial differential equations on general 2D domains

: L i SS is a very general package for the parallel multigrid solution of nonlinear partial differential equations. This paper gives the reader an impression of what L i SS can do. It includes the description of two important current perspectives, the implementation of adaptive structures and the generalization to 3D. An overview of numerical and parallel results is given. Keywords. Partial differential equations, general domains, multigrid, parallelization, grid partitioning. 1 Introduction The L i SS Package is a package of Fortran programs which provides an environment for the solution of partial differential equations (pdes) on general two-dimensional domains. The distinguishing and unique feature of the package is the core pde solver: it combines the use of fast, efficient multigrid algorithms with the use of block-structured grids; both serial and parallel executable versions are included in a single code. In particular, it is possible to -- execute the code on sequential mac..

Folding and unfolding characteristics of short beta strand peptides under different environmental conditions and starting configurations

We analyze the effect of different environmental conditions, sequence lengths and starting configurations on the folding and unfolding pathways of small peptides exhibiting beta turns. We use chignolin and a sequence of peptide G as examples. A variety of different analysis tools allows us to characterize the changes in the folding pathways. It is observed that different harmonic modes dominate not only for different conditions but also for different starting points. The modes remain essentially very similar but their relative importance varies. A detailed analysis from diverse viewpoints including the influence of the particular amino acid sequence, conformational aspects as well as the associated motions yields a global picture that is consistent with experimental evidence and theoretical studies published elsewhere. Patterns of modes that remain stable over a range of temperatures might serve as an additional diagnostic to identify conformations that have reliably adopted a native fold. This could aid in reconstructing the folding process of a complete protein by identifying conformationally determined regions