1,656 research outputs found
Analysis of binary trading patterns in Xetra
This paper proposes the Shannon entropy as an appropriate one-dimensional measure of behavioural trading patterns in financial markets. The concept is applied to the illustrative example of algorithmic vs. non-algorithmic trading and empirical data from Deutsche Börse's electronic cash equity trading system, Xetra. The results reveal pronounced differences between algorithmic and non-algorithmic traders. In particular, trading patterns of algorithmic traders exhibit a medium degree of regularity while non-algorithmic trading tends towards either very regular or very irregular trading patterns. JEL Classification: C40, D0, G14, G15, G2
Low Energy Dynamics in Ultradegenerate QCD Matter
We study the low energy behavior of QCD Green functions in the limit that the
baryon chemical potential is much larger than the QCD scale parameter
. We show that there is a systematic low energy expansion in
powers of , where is the energy and is the
screening scale. This expansion is valid even if the effective quark-gluon
coupling is not small. The expansion is purely perturbative in the magnetic
regime . If the external momenta and energies satisfy , planar, abelian ladder diagrams involving the full quark
propagator have to be resummed but the corresponding Dyson-Schwinger equations
are closed.Comment: 4 pages, published versio
Factors Determining the Operational Self-Sufficiency Among Microfinance Institutions
This paper is to determine factors best describing a microfinance institutionâs (MFIâs) operational selfsufficiency (OSS). The OSS is defined as the ratio of an MFIâs operating revenues to it operating expenses including the financial costs and impairment losses on loans. The outreach of an MFI, the writeoff ratio and regional differences are found significant in determining the OSS of MFIs. Surprisingly, neither an MFIâs depositors-to-borrowers ratio nor its deposits-to-loan portfolio ratio was found to be significant to explain an MFIâs OSS. There was no significant difference in the OSS in 2006 - before the worldwide financial crisis - and in 2008
Neue Wege beschreiten â Alternative Ufersicherungen vor dem Hintergrund verĂ€nderter Rahmenbedingungen
Neutrino Emission from Ungapped Quark Matter
We study neutrino emission from a normal, ungapped, quark phase in the core
of a compact star. Neutrino emission from non-interacting quark matter leads to
an emissivity that scales as . We show that the emissivity is
enhanced by a combination of Fermi liquid and non-Fermi liquid effects. Fermi
liquid effects lead to an emissivity that scales as , as originally shown by Iwamoto. We demonstrate that non-Fermi liquid
effects further enhance the rate, leading to , where is the electric screening scale and under
the conditions found in compact stars. We show, however, that combined with
non-Fermi liquid effects in the specific heat the enhancement in the emissivity
only leads to a modest reduction in the temperature of the star at late times.
Our results confirm existing bounds on the presence of ungapped quark matter in
compact stars. We also discuss neutrino emission from superconducting phases
with ungapped fermionic excitations.Comment: minor corrections, published versio
GegenstÀndliche Modellierung virtueller Informationswelten
"In diesem Beitrag stellen wir ein Konzept greifbarer, gegenstĂ€ndlicher Benutzungsschnittstellen vor. Es werden ĂbergĂ€nge zwischen dem Modellieren im Realen und dem Erstellen virtueller Modelle geschaffen. Synchron zum gegenstĂ€ndlichen Modell entsteht ein virtuelles Abbild, das fĂŒr Simulation, Animation und fĂŒr Hilfen genutzt werden kann. Intuitive, spielerische und vorbegriffliche Herangehensweisen werden auf diese Weise mit abstraktem, analytischem Vorgehen verbunden. Es werden Anwendungsbeispiele gegeben und ein Projekt nĂ€her erlĂ€utert, in dem Förderbandanlagen synchron im GegenstĂ€ndlichen und Virtuellen modelliert werden. Dabei
wird das Programmieren durch Vormachen eingesetzt: Durch Bewegen von GegenstÀnden durch das Modell
werden Regeln fĂŒr Steuerungen von FörderbĂ€ndern generiert. AnschlieĂend stellen wir dar, wie gegenstĂ€ndliche Modellumgebungen, die durch ein synchronisiertes Computermodell unterstĂŒtzt werden, die Zusammenarbeit fördern, indem sie auf natĂŒrliche Weise einen gemeinsamen Interaktionsraum herstellen, dessen zentrale Eigenschaften erlĂ€utert werden." (Autorenreferat)"In this text we present a concept of graspable computer-interfaces. It links modeling in physical reality with building virtual models. Synchronous to the graspable model a virtual twin-model is generated. The latter can be used for simulation, animation and giving help on the subject. Thus we connect intuitive, game-like and preconceptual approaches with abstract and analytic ways of thinking. We present some application areas, focusing on a project for the modeling of conveyor systems. We explain Programming by Demonstration: manually demonstrating the movement of objects through the scene we generate rules for programmable controls for the conveyor system. Then we focus on how working in computer supported concrete environments fosters group work and communication because it provides a shared workspace in a natural way." (author's abstract
Monitoring Traffic and Emissions by Floating Car Data
Intelligent traffic management is widely acknowledged as a means to optimise the utilisation of existing infrastructure capacities. A major requirement for intelligent traffic management is the collection of high quality data on traffic conditions in order to generate accurate real-time traffic information. The approach to be described here generates this information by a fleet of taxis equipped with GPS which act as Floating-Car-Data (FCD) provider for a number of metropolitan areas. The first part of this paper describes the methodology of setting up this data base. The information collected enables various applications such as real-time traffic monitoring, time-dynamic routing and fleet management. The second part of the paper proposes a framework for using these data additionally to include environmental effects into intelligent traffic management systems. To this end, a mapping between travel times and traffic flows is proposed. Some challenges related to the computation of emissions from velocity profiles are discussed. Equipped with these ingredients, an environmentally friendly intelligent traffic management might be in reach
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