Solitary biceps muscle metastasis from neuroendocrine breast tumor.

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Microsatellite and RAS/RAF Mutational Status as Prognostic Factors in Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases Treated with Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC)

Background Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) leads to prolonged survival for selected patients with colorectal (CRC) peritoneal metastases (PM). This study aimed to analyze the prognostic role of micro-satellite (MS) status and RAS/RAF mutations for patients treated with CRS. Methods Data were collected from 13 Italian centers with PM expertise within a collaborative group of the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology. Clinical and pathologic variables and KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutational and MS status were correlated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results The study enrolled 437 patients treated with CRS-HIPEC. The median OS was 42.3 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 33.4-51.2 months], and the median DFS was 13.6 months (95% CI, 12.3-14.9 months). The local (peritoneal) DFS was 20.5 months (95% CI, 16.4-24.6 months). In addition to the known clinical factors, KRAS mutations (p = 0.005), BRAF mutations (p = 0.01), and MS status (p = 0.04) were related to survival. The KRAS- and BRAF-mutated patients had a shorter survival than the wild-type (WT) patients (5-year OS, 29.4% and 26.8% vs 51.5%, respectively). The patients with micro-satellite instability (MSI) had a longer survival than the patients with micro-satellite stability (MSS) (5-year OS, 58.3% vs 36.7%). The MSI/WT patients had the best prognosis. The MSS/WT and MSI/mutated patients had similar survivals, whereas the MSS/mutated patients showed the worst prognosis (5-year OS, 70.6%, 48.1%, 23.4%; p = 0.0001). In the multivariable analysis, OS was related to the Peritoneal Cancer Index [hazard ratio (HR), 1.05 per point], completeness of cytoreduction (CC) score (HR, 2.8), N status (HR, 1.6), signet-ring (HR, 2.4), MSI/WT (HR, 0.5), and MSS/WT-MSI/mutation (HR, 0.4). Similar results were obtained for DFS. Conclusion For patients affected by CRC-PM who are eligible for CRS, clinical and pathologic criteria need to be integrated with molecular features (KRAS/BRAF mutation). Micro-satellite status should be strongly considered because MSI confers a survival advantage over MSS, even for mutated patients

Studio di processi al plasma freddo a pressione atmosferica per il trattamento delle fibre tessili

The main goals of my thesis project were to study, characterize and optimize the interaction of different atmospheric plasmas with textile materials (wool and cotton), to determine the effects of such interactions on the treated materials and to correlate them with the specific experimental conditions used. This thesis deals with the application of non-thermal plasmas to textile fibers and materials to achieve desired effects and properties such as anti-shrinking, anti-felting, wetting and the activation for wet finishing. The analysis of the plasma processed gas was performed by FT-IR and APCI mass spectrometry. The results of this characterization allow us to understand the chemical oxidation phenomena. The plasma treatment on wool fibers produces wettability and anti-shrinking properties, this effects are due to the oxidation and to the roughness imparted to the treatment. The plasma treatment on the cotton fibers increases the hydrophilicity for the formation of new polar species and radicals on the surface: two wet finishing were applied to test the effects of plasma pre-treatment. Finally, using OES we succeeded in characterizing a few important systems related to the gas composition and the radiative active specie of plasma (including radicals, ions, atoms or excited molecules). In conclusion, the results of the research carried out for my doctoral thesis show that non-thermal plasma holds great promise for the treatment of fabrics: it offers the advantage of doing away with costly and environmentally impacting wet processes while at the same time producing similar or even better results in the treated materials.Il mio progetto di tesi ha riguardato lo studio, la caratterizzazione e l’ottimizzazione delle interazioni di diversi plasmi atmosferici con il materiale tessile (in particolare lana e cotone), determinando gli effetti che tale interazione produce sul materiale trattato e correlandola alle specifiche condizioni utilizzate. Lo scopo fortemente applicativo era quello di ottenere particolari proprietà ed effetti come l’antirestringimento, la bagnabilità, l’attivazione per successivi finissaggi liquidi. La caratterizzazione del gas di processo mediante spettroscopia FTIR e spettrometria di massa APCI ha permesso di comprendere la chimica dei fenomeni di ossidazione alla base degli effetti del trattamento. Il trattamento sulla fibra di lana produce una forte bagnabilità ed effetti di anti-restringimento, correlabili all'ossidazione della superficie e all'aumentata rugosità. Il trattamento sulla fibra di cotone aumenta l'idrofilicità della fibra per la formazione di radicali e nuove specie polari sulla superficie: sono stati applicati due finissaggi liquidi per verificare gli effetti del pretrattamento al plasma. Infine utilizzando di una tecnica diagnostica come la spettroscopia ottica di emissione è stato possibile caratterizzare alcuni importanti sistemi di emissione dovuti alla presenza di specie eccitate di atomi, molecole, radicali e ioni presenti in un plasma atmosferico. I risultati della ricerca effettuata per il dottorato dimostrano che il plasma atmosferico non termico rappresenta una grande promessa per il trattamento dei tessuti: offre il vantaggio di sostituire o di migliorare i processi liquidi costosi e di forte impatto ambientale e al tempo stesso di ottenere risultati simili o anche migliori nei materiali trattati

Sintesi e studio di complessi trimetallici a valenza mista del legante a simmetria C3 trindene-triide

I complessi di metalli di transizione che possiedono siti redox hanno attratto molta attenzione per le loro potenziali applicazioni come materiali molecolari per la catalisi, il trasporto di carica e l'accumulo di elettroni. La ccordinazione di un legante organico a ponte con metalli di transizione provoca modifiche delle proprietà chimiche e chimico-fisiche del legante, nonchè effetti cooperativi tra i metalli coordinati allo stesso spaziatore. L comoprensione dei fenomeni ad essi connessi richiede lo studio del trasferimento elettronico attraverso l'uso combinato di tecniche elettrochimiche, spettroscopiche, misure cinetiche di reattività e tecniche di calcolo della struttura elettronica. In questa tesi è stato utilizzato il legante asimmetria C3 trindene-triide (Td) e sono stati sintetizzati e studiati i complessi trimetallici [(FeCp)3Td] e [(RhCO)3Td

Investigating the Plasma-Assisted and Thermal Catalytic Dry Methane Reforming for Syngas Production: Process Design, Simulation and Evaluation

The growing surplus of green electricity generated by renewable energy technologies has fueled research towards chemical industry electrification. By adapting power-to-chemical concepts, such as plasma-assisted processes, cheap resources could be converted into fuels and base chemicals. However, the feasibility of those electrified processes at large scale has not been investigated yet. Thus, the current work strives to compare, for first time in the literature, plasma-assisted production of syngas, from CH4 and CO2 (dry methane reforming), with thermal catalytic dry methane reforming. Specifically, both processes are conceptually designed to deliver syngas suitable for methanol synthesis (H2/CO ≥ 2 in mole). The processes are simulated in the Aspen Plus process simulator where different process steps are investigated. Heat integration and equipment cost estimation are performed for the most promising process flow diagrams. Collectively, plasma-assisted dry methane reforming integrated with combined steam/CO2 methane reforming is an effective way to deliver syngas for methanol production. It is more sustainable than combined thermal catalytic dry methane reforming with steam methane reforming, which has also been proposed for syngas production of H2/CO ≥ 2; in the former process, 40% more CO2 is captured, while 38% less H2O is consumed per mol of syngas. Furthermore, the plasma-assisted process is less complex than the thermal catalytic one; it requires higher amount of utilities, but comparable capital investment

Methane valorisation by hybrid plasma – catalytic reactor

status: publishe

Direct methane-to-ethylene conversion in a nanosecond pulse discharge

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd We report that gas phase plasma-assisted non-oxidative methane coupling can lead to formation of ethylene as major product at ∼20% yield per pass. This is attained by using a nanosecond pulsed discharge (NPD) reactor, featuring rapid product quenching rates, (recyclable) hydrogen co-feeding (CH4:H2 = 1:1) and elevated pressures (5 bar) at which NPD is ignited.status: publishe

Methane conversion to ethylene in a nanosecond-pulsed discharge catalytic reactor (Keynote lecture)

status: publishe