A circle map in a human heart

A circle is divided into two regions, a black one and a white one. Successive iterates of an invertible nonlinear circle map generate a symbolic string indicating whether each iterate is in the black or white region. A number of remarkable properties of the symbolic sequences are described. These properties were previously described for a linear circle map corresponding to a rigid rotation in the "gaps and steps" problem. These results have direct application to a cardiac arrhythmia, parasystole, that results from the competition between two pacemakers in the heart, one in the sinus mode and the other in the ventricles. The theoretical results are directly applicable to a clinical case of a young man who had frequent extra heartbeats

Liposomal cisplatin combined with paclitaxel versus cisplatin and paclitaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized phase III multicenter trial

Background: Liposomal cisplatin is a new formulation developed to reduce the systemic toxicity of cisplatin while simultaneously improving the targeting of the drug to the primary tumor and to metastases by increasing circulation time in the body fluids and tissues. The primary objectives were to determine nephrotoxicity, gastrointestinal side-effects, peripheral neuropathy and hematological toxicity and secondary objectives were to determine the response rate, time to tumor progression (TTP) and survival