For Whom Does One Remember?: Autobiographical Perspectives on Fascism in German Literature

Joanne Sayner’s paper deals with texts by three women writing about their autobiographical experiences of German fascism and the Second World War. Questions of gender, memory and reception are central to Sayner’s examination of the ways in which a former member of the Hitler Youth, a resister and a Jewish survivor have positioned themselves in relation to ongoing debates over guilt, responsibility and collective identity in the aftermath of the Nazi era. Sayner, firstly, addresses Melita Maschmann’s Taking Stock: No Attempt at Justification (1963). She points to the narrative focus on collective identities and the narrator’s and protagonist’s construction of an elite German generation of youth leaders based on clear national and racial lines. Such a universalising tendency, highlighting tropes of victimhood, contradicts precisely the text’s subtitle ‘no attempt at justification’ and Sayner argues persuasively for an ‘exonerating effect’ in a textual fascination with fascism. Alongside this text produced in the then West Germany is Greta Kuckhoff’s From the Rosary to the Red Orchestra (1972). Kuckhoff’s text too is explored in the light of the specific historical context of the 1960s and 1970s but this time from the perspective of an East German writer who was an antifascist resister during the Nazi era. Sayner shows how Kuckhoff is concerned to present a more diverse image of antifascism than was commonly portrayed in East Germany at the time but that this comes into conflict with a ‘unifying political teleology’, characteristic of the politics of the Cold War period. Finally, Sayner turns to the case of Hilde Huppert’s autobiographical work, variously titled but in its most recent 1997 incarnation called Hand in Hand with Tommy: an Autobiographical Report 1939-1945. The changing uses and re-constructions of Huppert’s memories as a Jewish survivor are charted through the complex publishing history of the text and the different addressees intended for succeeding editions of the memoirs. In conclusion, Sayner discusses how the three texts, in different ways, demonstrate the debates in Germany and elsewhere over the memory of the Nazi era and who is allowed to speak on behalf of whom. Sayner’s concentration on the intended addressees of her texts and the books’ publishing histories opens up a space to reconsider the gender politics of a predominantly male canon of autobiographical writing and the war years in German-language writing

Unthinking remembrance? Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red and the significance of centenaries

On 4 August 2014, the now iconic evolving work by Paul Cummins and Tom Piper, Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red, opened at the Tower of London. Each of the 888,246 poppies in the Tower's moat represented one British life lost in the First World War (FWW). This article uses a unique dataset of 1488 responses to the installation in order to probe the impacts of this high profile intervention. Systematic analysis of that data allows us to explore the centenary as a catalyst for remembrance activity, focusing on the kinds of “unthinking remembrance” that our research made visible. We detail how visitor responses activated a series of familiar tropes about past conflict, which often neglected recent work that has attempted to diversify perspectives about the past. This calls into question the extent to which policy objectives associated with pluralising narratives about the FWW during this centenary had been successful at this early stage in the commemoration and are likely to be successful in the future. As the “cult of the centenary” becomes ever more embedded within education and policy frameworks, and refracted within the programming of national media and cultural organisations, we contend that much can be learned about how to usefully frame commemorative activities from the unprecedented case of Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red

‘Not just a boys' game’: programme evaluation of a multi-agency cricket intervention designed to reduce gender inequity in a city in the east of England

Previous feminist research demonstrates that women’s participation in sport is subject to patriarchal values, which produce and reproduce gender inequity in elite sport (Rowe, D. (2004). Critical Reading: Sport, Culture and Media. Berkshire. McGraw Hill.). Cricket is one sport in which patriarchy remains prevalent. Despite the recent success of the England Women’s cricket team, female participation in elite cricket remains low. The latest Active People Survey suggests the number of women participating in cricket has decreased between 2008 and 2010, further widening the gender gap (Sport England, 2011). This key aim of this study was to evaluate an intervention with the stated aim of reducing gender inequity in cricket in a city in the East of England. The intervention was conducted in conjunction with a multi-agency partnership developed by the authors, including an ECB premier league club, county board and University. A needs assessment highlighted the lack of opportunities for women’s cricket. The intervention therefore targeted women of all cricket abilities, with a view to creating a sustainable women’s team. Project actions included sourcing facilities, staff and equipment, producing advertising material and facilitating partnership work. This study employed a theory-driven programme evaluation to assess the effectiveness of this cricket intervention. Programme evaluation uses programme theory to assess the efficacy of sports development interventions (Rossi et al., 2004, Evaluation: A systematic approach. Sage, London.). In this case, the programme’s theory is founded upon a feminist rationale. Critical success factors have been incorporated. These included assessing sustainable participation rates. Semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and participants will be completed to evaluate programme effectiveness

For Whom Does One Remember?: Autobiographical Perspectives on Fascism in German Literature

Joanne Sayner’s paper deals with texts by three women writing about their autobiographical experiences of German fascism and the Second World War. Questions of gender, memory and reception are central to Sayner’s examination of the ways in which a former member of the Hitler Youth, a resister and a Jewish survivor have positioned themselves in relation to ongoing debates over guilt, responsibility and collective identity in the aftermath of the Nazi era. Sayner, firstly, addresses Melita Maschmann’s Taking Stock: No Attempt at Justification (1963). She points to the narrative focus on collective identities and the narrator’s and protagonist’s construction of an elite German generation of youth leaders based on clear national and racial lines. Such a universalising tendency, highlighting tropes of victimhood, contradicts precisely the text’s subtitle ‘no attempt at justification’ and Sayner argues persuasively for an ‘exonerating effect’ in a textual fascination with fascism. Alongside this text produced in the then West Germany is Greta Kuckhoff’s From the Rosary to the Red Orchestra (1972). Kuckhoff’s text too is explored in the light of the specific historical context of the 1960s and 1970s but this time from the perspective of an East German writer who was an antifascist resister during the Nazi era. Sayner shows how Kuckhoff is concerned to present a more diverse image of antifascism than was commonly portrayed in East Germany at the time but that this comes into conflict with a ‘unifying political teleology’, characteristic of the politics of the Cold War period. Finally, Sayner turns to the case of Hilde Huppert’s autobiographical work, variously titled but in its most recent 1997 incarnation called Hand in Hand with Tommy: an Autobiographical Report 1939-1945. The changing uses and re-constructions of Huppert’s memories as a Jewish survivor are charted through the complex publishing history of the text and the different addressees intended for succeeding editions of the memoirs. In conclusion, Sayner discusses how the three texts, in different ways, demonstrate the debates in Germany and elsewhere over the memory of the Nazi era and who is allowed to speak on behalf of whom. Sayner’s concentration on the intended addressees of her texts and the books’ publishing histories opens up a space to reconsider the gender politics of a predominantly male canon of autobiographical writing and the war years in German-language writing

Excited-state modulation in donor-substituted multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters

S.W. thanks the China Scholarship Council (201906250199). EZ-C and IDWS acknowledge support from EPSRC (EP/L017008, EP/P010482/1). We are also grateful for financial support from the University of St Andrews Restarting Research Funding Scheme (SARRF) which is funded through the Scottish Funding Council grant reference SFC/AN/08/020. EZ-C is a Royal Society Leverhulme Trust Senior Research fellow (SRF\R1\201089). We would also like to thank the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2016-047) for financial support. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska Curie grant agreement No 838885 (NarrowbandSSL). S.M.S. acknowledges support from the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship. Computational resources have been provided by the Consortium des Équipements de Calcul Intensif (CÉCI), funded by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifiques de Belgique (F.R.S.-FNRS) under Grant No. 2.5020.11, as well as the Tier-1 supercomputer of the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, infrastructure funded by the Walloon Region under the grant agreement n1117545. Y.O. acknowledges funding by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS under Grant n° F.4534.21 (MIS-IMAGINE). D.B. is a FNRS Research Director.Strategies to tune the emission of multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters remain rare. Here, we explore the effect of donor substitution about a MR-TADF core on the emission energy and the nature of the excited state. We decorate different numbers and types of electron-donors about a central MR-TADF core, DiKTa. Depending on the identity and number of donor groups, the excited state either remains short-range charge transfer (SRCT) and thus characteristic of an MR-TADF emitter or becomes a long-range charge transfer (LRCT) that is typically observed in donor–acceptor TADF emitters. The impact is that in three examples that emit from a SRCT state, Cz-DiKTa, Cz-Ph-DiKTa, and 3Cz-DiKTa, the emission remains narrow, while in four examples that emit via a LRCT state, TMCz-DiKTa, DMAC-DiKTa, 3TMCz-DiKTa, and 3DMAC-DiKTa, the emission broadens significantly. Through this strategy, the organic light-emitting diodes fabricated with the three MR-TADF emitters show maximum electroluminescence emission wavelengths, λEL, of 511, 492, and 547 nm with moderate full width at half-maxima (fwhm) of 62, 61, and 54 nm, respectively. Importantly, each of these devices show high maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of 24.4, 23.0, and 24.4%, which are among the highest reported with ketone-based MR-TADF emitters. OLEDs with D–A type emitters, DMAC-DiKTa and TMCz-DiKTa, also show high efficiencies, with EQEmax of 23.8 and 20.2%, but accompanied by broad emission at λEL of 549 and 527 nm, respectively. Notably, the DMAC-DiKTa-based OLED shows very small efficiency roll-off, and its EQE remains 18.5% at 1000 cd m–2. Therefore, this work demonstrates that manipulating the nature and numbers of donor groups decorating a central MR-TADF core is a promising strategy for both red-shifting the emission and improving the performance of the OLEDs.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Communication Predicts Medication Self-Efficacy in Glaucoma Patients

Medication self-efficacy, or patients’ confidence that they can perform medication-related behaviors, is associated with better glaucoma medication adherence. Little is known about how to enhance glaucoma patients’ medication self-efficacy. Our purpose is to examine whether patient-provider communication increases glaucoma patients’ medication self-efficacy

Communication About ADHD and Its Treatment During Pediatric Asthma Visits

The objectives of the study were to examine provider-family communication about attention deficit disorder during pediatric asthma visits. Children with asthma, aged 8 through 16 and their parents were recruited at five pediatric practices. All medical visits were audio-taped. There were 296 asthmatic children enrolled into the study and 67 of them also had ADHD. ADHD communication elements suggested by national guidelines were discussed infrequently. Providers were more likely to discuss, educate, and ask one or more questions about ADHD medications if the visit was non-asthma related. Providers included child input into the ADHD treatment regimen during 3% of visits and they included parent input during 4.5% of visits. Only one child and three parents asked questions about ADHD. Providers may neglect essential aspects of good ADHD management and communication in children who have ADHD plus another chronic condition such as asthma. Providers should set appropriate treatment expectations, establish target symptoms, and encourage children and parents to ask questions so mutual decision-making can occur