Diagnosis and Management of Plasenta Previa Percreata: Case Report

Placenta percreata becomes more common in the recent years with the increase of cesarean section and other uterine interventions. Diagnosis during pregnancy is very important. Patients with correct management have lower rates of morbidity and mortality. In this case we describe the management of a patient with placenta percreta that was referred to our perinatology clinic

Cytocompatibility of Novel Algae-PLA Membranes For Guided Bone Regeneration At The Level of Types I, III And V Collagen Expression

Statement of the problem: In recent years, the development of innovative and increasingly optimized barrier membranes has focused on marine algae, which as a biopolymer can form a membrane composite together with polylactic acid, thus a combination could show numerous advantages such as antioxidant, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral as well as antiallergic properties. Furthermore, algae can be produced in an ecologically sustainable way and offer an alternative for patients who refuse treatment with bovine or porcine derived membranes due to ethical or religious reasons.Objective: In this study, four different algal membranes were evaluated for their cytocompatibility with cultured human fibroblasts and osteoblasts.Materials & Methods: Mem-Lok® (Collagen Matrix, New Jersey, USA) as a resorbable collagen membrane and ArgonautTM (Botiss Biomaterials, Zossen, Germany) as a native pericardium GBR/GTR membrane served as reference membranes (RMs). As the negative control cells incubated with normal culture medium only were used. In addition to the cell viability and proliferation assays water soluble tetrazolium (WST), MTT and BrdU, a real time semiquantitative real time PCR (RT-PCR) was developed to investigate in vitro cytocompatibility at the level of types I, III and V collagen expression. A sandblasted- large grid-acid ached titanium surface (Dentcon® Dental Implant Systems, Ankara, Turkey) served as a positive inactive control group for osteoblastic cytocompatibility.Results: For human osteoblasts, the algal membranes showed very good proliferation levels in WST-1, MTT as well as BrdU, indicating cytocompatibility. Examination of the expression behavior of type I, type III, and type V collagen genes showed no evaluable results. However, the RT-PCR should be repeated with the incorporated optimizations to be able to make a statement regarding the success of bone, skin, and connective tissue regeneration after a possible application of the membrane in maxillofacial injury treatment.Conclusion: The investigated collagen types are essential for a proper healing of defects in both soft and bone tissue, as they have fundamental functions such as stability and structural integrity of the tissues

Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) Functionalized Polylactic Acid-Marine Algae Composite Patch for Bone Tissue Engineering

The current study aimed to describe the fabrication of a composite patch by incorporating marine algae powders (MAPs) into poly-lactic acid (PLA) for bone tissue engineering. The prepared composite patch was functionalized with the co-polymer, poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (p(HEMA-co-EGDMA)) via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to improve its wettability and overall biocompatibility. The iCVD functionalized MAP-PLA composite patch showed superior cell interaction of human osteoblasts. Following the surface functionalization by p(HEMA-co-EGDMA) via the iCVD technique, a highly hydrophilic patch was achieved without tailoring any morphological and structural properties. Moreover, the iCVD modified composite patch exhibited ideal cell adhesion for human osteoblasts, thus making the proposed patch suitable for potential biomedical applications including bone tissue engineering, especially in the fields of dentistry and orthopedy

Marine Algae Incorporated Polylactide Acid Patch: Novel Candidate for Targeting Osteosarcoma Cells without Impairing the Osteoblastic Proliferation

Biodegradable collagen-based materials have been preferred as scaffolds and grafts for diverse clinical applications in density and orthopedy. Besides the advantages of using such bio-originated materials, the use of collagen matrices increases the risk of infection transmission through the cells or the tissues of the graft/scaffold. In addition, such collagen-based solutions are not counted as economically feasible approaches due to their high production cost. In recent years, incorporation of marine algae in synthetic polymers has been considered as an alternative method for preparation grafts/scaffolds since they represent abundant and cheap source of potential biopolymers. Current work aims to propose a novel composite patch prepared by blending Sargassum vulgare powders (SVP) to polylactide (PLA) as an alternative to the porcine-derived membranes. SVP-PLA composite patches were produced by using a modified solvent casting method. Following detailed material characterization to assess the cytocompatibility, human osteoblasts (HOBs) and osteosarcoma cells (SaOS-2) were seeded on neat PLA and SVP-PLA patches. MTT and BrdU assays indicated a greater cytocompatibility and higher proliferation for HOBs cultured on SVP-PLA composite than for those cultured on neat PLA. SaOS-2 cells cultured on SVP-PLA exhibited a significant decrease in cell proliferation. The composite patch described herein exhibits an antiproliferative effect against SaOS-2 cells without impairing HOBs' adhesion and proliferation

Effects of supercharge pressure on combustion characteristics of a diesel rngine fueled with alcohol–diesel blends

© 2023, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.The recent increase in diesel prices is the most crucial factor that maintains alternative fuel research on the agenda in diesel engines. This study aims to analyze the combustion characteristics of ethanol–butanol–diesel triple-fuel mixtures and to investigate the effects of the boost pressure in a single-cylinder diesel engine. In the engine test, while the boost pressure at 1600 rpm was fixed at 240 mbar, the intake air pressure gauge was increased to 264, 228, and 312 mbar. As a result of the study, the most prolonged combustion duration in all test conditions was obtained using pure fossil diesel fuel. More than a 10% increase in ignition delay times has been calculated for blends. In addition, significant increases were observed in the heat release rate as the alcohol content in the blends increased. While considerable reductions in CH4, CO, and CO2 emissions were monitored by using the alcohol–diesel mixtures with the increased boost pressure, the stable formation in NOx emissions was not observed. Moreover, there was a significant increase in combustion noise with alcohol–diesel blends

Impact of thermal barrier coating application on the combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel-diesel blends

Biodiesel fuel was produced from waste cooking oil by transesterification process. B20 and B50 blends of biodiesel-petroleum diesel were prepared. These blends and D2 fuels were tested in a single cylinder CI engine. Performance, combustion and emission values of the engine running with the mentioned fuels were recorded. Then the piston and both exhaust and intake valves of the test engine were coated with layers of ceramic materials. The mentioned parts were coated with 100 mu m of NiCrAl as lining layer. Later the same parts were coated with 400 mu m material of coating that was the mixture of 88% of ZrO2, 4% of MgO and 8% of Al2O3. After the engine coating process, the same fuels were tested in the coated engine at the same operation condition. Finally, the same engine out parameters were obtained and compared with those of uncoated engine parameters in order to find out how this modification would change the combustion, performance and emission parameters. Results showed that the modification of the engine with coating process resulted in better performance, especially in considerably lower brake specific fuel consumption (Bsfc) values. Besides, emissions of the engine were lowered both through coating process and biodiesel usage excluding the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission. In addition, the results of the coated engine are better than the uncoated one in terms of cylinder gas pressure, heat release rate (HRR) and heat release (HR). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Effect of compression ratio on the emission, performance and combustion characteristics of a gasoline engine fueled with iso-butanol/gasoline blends

The study focuses on the effect of CR (compression ratio) on the emission, performance and, combustion characteristics of a gasoline engine fueled with iso-butanol (10%, 30% and 50%) blended gasoline fuel. The tests were conducted for three different CRs (9:1,10:1 and 11:1) at 2600 rpm and wide-open throttle. The results indicate that the BSCF (brake specific fuel consumption), BTE (brake thermal efficiency) and the emissions of CO2 (carbon dioxide) increased while UHC (unburned hydrocarbon) and CO (carbon monoxide) emissions decreased with the increase in the amount of iso-butanol in the fuel mixture at all CRs. The best results for BSFC, BTE, the emissions of CO and UHC were observed at increased the CR. Moreover, the ICP (in-cylinder pressure) generally increased with the increase in the amount of isobutanol in the fuel mixture and the ICP and HRR (heat release rate) rose earlier than those values in gasoline. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The effect of different alcohol fuels on the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a gasoline engine

In this experimental study, the effect of alcohol (ethanol and methanol) use on the performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of a low power single-cylinder engine described the rated power output of the engine e. g. 2 kW were investigated and the results were compared with conventional gasoline operation. The tests were performed at full-throttle valve opening and variable engine speeds. The results show that the use of alcohol fuels increased the engine torque, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), thermal efficiency and combustion efficiency. In addition, the cylinder gas pressure and heat release rate occurred earlier; carbon dioxide (CO2) emission increased while hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions decreased. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The effect on the knock intensity of high viscosity biodiesel use in a DI diesel engine

In this study, the effect of usage of biodiesel fuel with higher viscosity on the engine knock intensity was investigated. The animal biodiesel (AB) and the vegetable biodiesel (VB) were used as fuel in the study. It was seen that the AB had a high viscosity, while the viscosity of VB is within the limits determined by the standards (EN 14214 and ASTM D6751). In the engine tests carried out at constant engine speed and high load, ringing intensity (RI) and knock intensity values were found with in-cylinder pressure data obtained from three fuel types. In addition, the in-cylinder gas pressure, heat release rate and cumulative heat release curves for the three fuel types are presented. According to the results, the effects of high viscosity biodiesel usage on these values were found to be limited. It was also observed that the RI was lower than that of D2 and higher than that of VB