Vallisneria spiralis (Linneaus 1753)’in Değişik Besin Ortamlarında Yetiştiricilik Çalışmaları

In this study it was aimed to produce a commercial aquatic plant Vallisneria spiralis in a controlled- aquaculture system. In order to determine the potential of the plant to utilize different nutrient resources relative growth rate depends on biomass yield and individual plant number and length composition of V. spiralis cultivated in semi-shadow and non-shadow conditions were determined. Results of the present work showed that V. spiralis utilized different nutrient resources effectively such as cow, lamb, chicken and commercial fertilizer TSP in cultivation conditions and increased its weight and individual number compare to the control group where nutrient addition is not applied. In semi-shadow condition V. spiralis fresh biomass yield and plant number increase were the highest in cow group and found to be 1.52%±0.03 g.day-1 and 1.80%±0.05 individual.day-1 respectively. The mean length of V. spiralis was found to be the highest (83.56±26.14 cm) in lamb fertilizer group. In non-shadow conditions V. spiralis fresh biomass yield and plant number increase were the highest in cow group and found to be 2.73%±0.07 g.day-1 and 2.52%±0.6 individual.day-1 respectively. The mean length of V. spiralis was found to be the highest (92.74±27.93 cm) in cow fertilizer group as well

Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Pediatri Polikliniğine Baş Ağrısı İle Başvuran Çocukların Değerlendirilmesi

Tez (Tıpta Uzmanlık) -- Kırıkkale Üniversitesi48224

Evaluation of children who admitted to Kırıkkale University Pediatric Clinic with headache

YÖK Tez ID: 164284ÖZET Saygı S., Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Pediatri Polikliniğine Baş Ağrısı İle Başvuran Çocukların Değerlendirilmesi, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Uzmanlık Tezi, Kırıkkale 2005. Baş ağrısı erişkinlerde olduğu kadar çocuklarda da sık görülen bir yakınmadır. Bu prospektif çalışma baş ağrısı yakınması olan çocuklarda etiyolojik ve klinik özellikleri araştırmak için planlandı. Nisan 2002 -Aralık 2004 tarihleri arasında, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Pediatri polikliniğine baş ağrısı yakınmasıyla getirilen, yaşları 4 ile 16 yaş arasında (ortalama 11.2 ± 3.4 yıl) olan, toplam 1 16 hastanın ( %48 kız, %52 erkek), etiyolojik ve klinik özellikleri incelendi. Baş ağrıları "International Headache Society" (IHS) kriterlerine göre tiplendirildi. Olguların çoğunluğu 7-12 yaş grubunda (%68.1) idi. Hastaların %59'unun şikayetinin süresi 1-7 gün arasında idi. Baş ağrısı nedenleri arasında ilk sırayı 102 hasta ile akut sinüzit (%87.9) almakta idi. Diğer nedenler sırasıyla, altı hastada migren (%5.17), iki hastada gerilim tipi baş ağrısı (%1.7), iki hastada AV malformasyon (%1.7), bir hastada post travmatik küme tipi baş ağrısı (%0.86), bir hastada hipofiz adenomu idi (%0.86). İki hasta sınıflandırılamayan baş ağrıları grubunda idi. Migren ve gerilim tipi baş ağrısı olan hastaların tümünde stres, emosyonel gerginlik, güneşe maruz kalma, gürültü, yorgunluk gibi presipitan faktörler bulunmaktaydı. Yedi hastada anormal kraniyal görüntüleme bulgusu vardı ancak bu bulguların sadece üçü direk başağrısı ile ilişkiliydi. Sonuç olarak, çalışmamızda çocuklardaki başağrılarının büyük çoğunluğunun akut sinüzit ve migren gibi benign nedenlere bağlı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu nedenle, baş ağrısı ile başvuran her çocuğun ayrıntılı bir şekilde klinik olarak değerlendirilerek etiyolojinin aydınlanabileceği ve ancak seçilmiş vakalarda görüntüleme yöntemlerinin yararlı olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır. (Anahtar Kelimeler: Baş ağrısı, Çocuk, Etyoloji, Diyagnoz )VI ABSTRACT Saygı S., Evaluation of children who admitted to Kırıkkale University Pediatric Clinic with headache. Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatrics. Speciality thesis, KIRIKKALE 2005 Headache is frequent complaint seen in children as seen in adults. This prospective study was planned to investigate the etiology and clinical features in children with headache. Between April 2002 and December 2004, etiological and clinical characteristic of 116 patients (48 %girl, 52 %boy) who admitted to Kırıkkale University Pediatric Clinic with headache whose age were between 4 and 16 years (median 11.2 + 3.4 years) were evaluated. Headaches were classified according to the criteria of the "International Headache Society". The majority of cases' (68.1 %) age were between 7-12 years. Fifty nine percent of the patients' duration of headache were changed between 1-7 days. The most common cause of headache was acute sinusitis in 102 patients (86,3 %), followed by migraine in 6 patients (5,3 %), tension type headache in two patients (1,7 %), arteriovenous malformation in two patients (1,7 %), posttravmatic cluster headache in one patient, pituitary adenoma in one patient and unclassified causes in remaining two patients (1,7 %). Precipitating factors such as stress, emotional tension, exposure to sunlight, noisy environment or fatique were present in all cases with migraine and also tension type headache. Neuroimaging techniques abnormal in seven patients but only three of these abnormalities were directly related to headache. In conclusion, this study showed that the most common reasons of headache in children are benign conditions as sinusitis and migraine. Because of this, in most of the patients detailed clinical evaluation will be enough for diagnosis and neuroimagining methods will be useful only in selected patients. (Key words: Headache, children, etiology, diagnosis

Boğmaca: Klinik tanının önemi

Boğmaca, öksürük nöbetleriyle karakterize akut, bulaşıcı bir solunum yolu enfeksiyonudur. Bebeklerde en önemli ve ciddi komplikasyonu pnömoniye bağlı solunum yetmezliğidir. Nöbetlerle boğulur tarzda öksürük ve siyanoz ile başvuran, hiç aşı olmamış, yatışının ikinci gününde pnömoni, altıncı gününde lökomoid reaksiyon geliştiren üç aylık bebek sunulmuştur. Özellikle bebeklerde pnömoninin mortalite ile ilişkisi ve lö¬komoid reaksiyonun prognostik önemi vurgulanmıştır.Pertussis is an acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by pa¬roxysmal coughing episodes. The most important and severe complication in infants is respiratory failure due to pneumonia. We report the case of a 3-month-old infant without any immunization who presented with cough, whooping and cyanosis, and developed pneumonia on the second day and a leukemoid reaction on the sixth day of admission. The relation between pneumonia and mortality, especially in infants, and the prognostic impact of a leukemoid reaction are emphasized

Characteristics of pediatric multiple sclerosis: The Turkish pediatric multiple sclerosis database

Objective To document the clinical and paraclinical features of pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) in Turkey. Methods Data of MS patients with onset before age 18 years (n = 193) were collected from 27 pediatric neurology centers throughout Turkey. Earlier-onset (<12 years) and later-onset (?12 years) groups were compared. Results There were 123 (63.7%) girls and 70 (36.3%) boys aged 4–17 years, median 14 years at disease onset. Family history of MS was 6.5%. The first presentation was polysymptomatic in 55.4% of patients, with brainstem syndromes (50.3%), sensory disturbances (44%), motor symptoms (33.2%), and optic neuritis (26.4%) as common initial manifestations. Nineteen children had facial paralysis and 10 had epileptic seizures at first attack; 21 (11%) were initially diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Oligoclonal bands were identified in 68% of patients. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed periventricular (96%), cortical/juxtacortical (64.2%), brainstem (63%), cerebellum (51.4%), and spinal cord (67%) involvement. Visual evoked potentials (VEP) were abnormal in 52%; serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were low in 68.5% of patients. The earlier-onset group had a higher rate of infection/vaccination preceding initial attack, initial diagnosis of ADEM, longer interval between first 2 attacks, and more disability accumulating in the first 3 years of the disease. Conclusion Brainstem and cerebellum are common sites of clinical and radiological involvement in pediatric-onset MS. VEP abnormalities are frequent even in patients without history of optic neuropathy. Vitamin D status does not appear to affect the course in early disease. MS beginning before 12 years of age has certain characteristics in history and course