Rh sensitized pregnancy with high ICT titre wit favourable foetal outcome: a rare case

Leiomyosarcoma Rhesus (Rh) isoimmunization is the development of maternal IgG antibodies against fetal Rh Red Blood Cell (RBC) antigens. Transplacental passage of maternal Rh antibody (IgG anti-D) may result in Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN), a condition characterized by hemolysis, severe fetal anemia and generalized fetal edema (hydrops fetalis). The severity of Rh hemolytic disease may be assessed in the Immunized patient by several different means which include: past obstetric history, maternal antibody titer, ultrasonography, amniotic fluid bilirubin quantification, and percutaneous umbilical blood sampling. A past history of fetal demise, hydrops fetalis, intrauterine transfusion or neonatal exchange transfusion implies that the present pregnancy is or will be severely affected because Rh disease effects on the fetus generally recur or present progressively earlier or more severely with each successive Rh positive pregnancy. We present here a rare case of Rh sensitized pregnancy with high ICT titre who had normal fetal outcome

A subgroup of class α glutathione S-transferases Cloning of cDNA for mouse lung glutathione S-transferase GST 5.7

AbstractA full-length cDNA clone encoding the previously purified mouse glutathione S-transferase GST 5.7 [(1991), Biochem. J. 278, 793–799] has been isolated from a mouse lung cDNA library in λgt11. Sequencing of the clone revealed the presence of microheterogeneity in GST 5.7. Comparison of the deduced protein sequence with other glutathione S-transferases, together with previous information available on GST 5.7, indicates that the enzyme belongs to a novel subgroup within the α class of glutathione S-transferases. Members of the subgroup, which also include the rat GST 8-8 and perhaps chicken GST CL3, show high sequence homology with each other, but only moderate similarity to other α class enzymes. They share a substrate specificity profile that resembles π-class enzymes, and are active in the conjugation of lipid peroxidation products

Emulgel of Rumex hastatus D. Don Methanolic Root Extract with Antifungal Activity: Formulation and Evaluation

This study emphasised on the production of ‘Rumex Hastatus’ D. Don methanolic root extract for antifungal purposes. We performed a variety of physical and chemical analyses. We also executed many phytochemical investigations. Extracts from sequential hot percolation (Soxhlet) were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The objective of this investigation was to formulate and analyze a herbal emulgel with antifungal activity based on Rumex hastatus root extract. "The purpose of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of herbal emulgel formulation using Rumex hastatus root extract" might serve as an appropriate substitute for the original sentence. The extract has antifungal properties and is used in the formulation as an active therapeutic product. The extraction employed methanol, and the yield was found to be 26%. many phytoconstituents were found in the extract, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and anthraquinone glycoside. Despite the fact that this is an early examination, the results show that the generated emulgel is effective, and the pure chemical responsible for the effect should be extracted and studied. All of the developed formulations were effective, although formulation F3 showed the most promising outcomes of the four compositions and can be recommended for pilot scale up after constituent isolation

Population-based incidence of intussusception and a case-control study to examine the association of intussusception with natural rotavirus infection among Indian children

Background: A rotavirus vaccine previously licensed in the United States was withdrawn because it caused intussusception. Data on background intussusception rates in developing countries are required to plan pre- and postlicensure safety studies for new rotavirus vaccines. Also, it is unclear whether natural rotavirus infection is associated with intussusception. Methods: Passive surveillance for intussusception in a large, well-defined, poor, urban population in Delhi, India, was conducted in 2 phases. Intussusception was confirmed by ultrasonography or surgery. Fecal samples obtained from patients with intussusception at study hospitals (irrespective of their residence in study areas) and healthy control subjects were tested for rotavirus with use of enzyme immunoassay. If available, resected intestinal tissue samples were tested for rotavirus with use of immunohistochemistical analysis and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: The incidence of intussusception requiring hospitalization was 17.7 cases per 100,000 infant-years of follow-up (95% confidence interval, 5.9-41.4 cases per 100,000 infant-years). Detection rates of rotavirus in stool samples did not differ significantly between case patients and control subjects (4 of 42 case patients vs 6 of 92 control subjects), and no evidence of rotavirus was detected in any of the 22 patients with intussusception for whom intestinal tissue samples were available. Conclusions: The incidence of intussusception among Indian infants appears to be lower than that reported in other middle- and high-income countries. Natural rotavirus infection does not appear to be a major cause of intussusception in Indian infants

Neurodevelopmental disorders in children aged 2-9 years: Population-based burden estimates across five regions in India.

BACKGROUND: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) compromise the development and attainment of full social and economic potential at individual, family, community, and country levels. Paucity of data on NDDs slows down policy and programmatic action in most developing countries despite perceived high burden. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We assessed 3,964 children (with almost equal number of boys and girls distributed in 2-<6 and 6-9 year age categories) identified from five geographically diverse populations in India using cluster sampling technique (probability proportionate to population size). These were from the North-Central, i.e., Palwal (N = 998; all rural, 16.4% non-Hindu, 25.3% from scheduled caste/tribe [SC-ST] [these are considered underserved communities who are eligible for affirmative action]); North, i.e., Kangra (N = 997; 91.6% rural, 3.7% non-Hindu, 25.3% SC-ST); East, i.e., Dhenkanal (N = 981; 89.8% rural, 1.2% non-Hindu, 38.0% SC-ST); South, i.e., Hyderabad (N = 495; all urban, 25.7% non-Hindu, 27.3% SC-ST) and West, i.e., North Goa (N = 493; 68.0% rural, 11.4% non-Hindu, 18.5% SC-ST). All children were assessed for vision impairment (VI), epilepsy (Epi), neuromotor impairments including cerebral palsy (NMI-CP), hearing impairment (HI), speech and language disorders, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and intellectual disability (ID). Furthermore, 6-9-year-old children were also assessed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disorders (LDs). We standardized sample characteristics as per Census of India 2011 to arrive at district level and all-sites-pooled estimates. Site-specific prevalence of any of seven NDDs in 2-<6 year olds ranged from 2.9% (95% CI 1.6-5.5) to 18.7% (95% CI 14.7-23.6), and for any of nine NDDs in the 6-9-year-old children, from 6.5% (95% CI 4.6-9.1) to 18.5% (95% CI 15.3-22.3). Two or more NDDs were present in 0.4% (95% CI 0.1-1.7) to 4.3% (95% CI 2.2-8.2) in the younger age category and 0.7% (95% CI 0.2-2.0) to 5.3% (95% CI 3.3-8.2) in the older age category. All-site-pooled estimates for NDDs were 9.2% (95% CI 7.5-11.2) and 13.6% (95% CI 11.3-16.2) in children of 2-<6 and 6-9 year age categories, respectively, without significant difference according to gender, rural/urban residence, or religion; almost one-fifth of these children had more than one NDD. The pooled estimates for prevalence increased by up to three percentage points when these were adjusted for national rates of stunting or low birth weight (LBW). HI, ID, speech and language disorders, Epi, and LDs were the common NDDs across sites. Upon risk modelling, noninstitutional delivery, history of perinatal asphyxia, neonatal illness, postnatal neurological/brain infections, stunting, LBW/prematurity, and older age category (6-9 year) were significantly associated with NDDs. The study sample was underrepresentative of stunting and LBW and had a 15.6% refusal. These factors could be contributing to underestimation of the true NDD burden in our population. CONCLUSIONS: The study identifies NDDs in children aged 2-9 years as a significant public health burden for India. HI was higher than and ASD prevalence comparable to the published global literature. Most risk factors of NDDs were modifiable and amenable to public health interventions

Finite Element Analysis of Convective Flow through Porous Medium with Variable Suction

The investigation has been carried out to analyse the convective flow through a porous medium with variable suction. The finite element analysis has been used for computational results. The effect of different dimensionless numbers on the convective flow has been done using Matlab. The effect of magnetic parameter on the flow has been analysed. The fluid behavior has been also observed with the variation of the permeability parameter

A Hospital Based Prospective Study to Compare the Success Rate Haemodynamic Changes, Average Pain Score and the Time to First Analgesic Request in 24 Hours Postoperative Period Between Caudal Block and Dorsal Penile Nerve Block (DPNB) with Plain Bupivacai

Background: Children often express pain post-circumcision by crying, restlessness and agitation which often lead to increase bleeding from surgical site and hesitation at micturition. NSAIDS are said to be associated with increased risk of post-operative bleeding and renal toxicity. The aim of this study to compared the efficacy of caudal block and dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) with plain bupivacaine in paediatric patients for day-case circumcision. Materials &amp; Methods: This was a prospective study in done on 100 paediatric patients’ aged 1-5 years of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) classification I or II who underwent day-case circumcision at the K.D. Medical College, U.P. India. On arrival in the anaesthetic room, each patient was randomly allocated by balloting using sealed envelope into either group A (caudal block with 0.5% plain bupivacaine) or group B (dorsal penile nerve block with 0.5% plain bupivacaine). The times the first Paracetamol dose was needed and the time it was given were noted and recorded. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Continuous variables were analyzed with independent student t-test. Results: The caudal block group consumed significantly less doses of paracetamol (2.12 ± 0.36) compared to 3.02 ± 0.58 consumed by the DPNB group (P&lt;0.05*). It also compared the mean dose of Paracetamol (mg) consumed by the two groups in the postoperative period. Group A consumed 372.58 ± 70.22 mg while group B consumed 575.12 ± 94.67 mg of Paracetamol in 24 hours (p&lt;0.05*). The time to the first analgesics demand was significantly longer in the caudal block group (334.66 ± 16.18minutes) compared to 92.30 ± 13.98 minutes in the DPNB (p&lt; 0.05*). Conclusion: We concluded that caudal block has a higher success rate, better postoperative analgesia, less postoperative haemodynamic changes and less incidence of vomiting. However, delayed micturition was more in the caudal block group compared to dorsal penile nerve block for children aged 1- 5 years for day case circumcision

A Comparative Study of Duration & Onset of Action and Intubating Conditions Between Rocuronium Bromide and Suxamethonium Chloride in Paediatric Patients at Tertiary Care Centre

Background: The aim of this study was to compare time of onset, duration and intubating conditions associated with use of rocuronium bromide and suxamethonium chloride in pediatric age group. Material &amp; Methods: A prospective comparative study was performed on 100 children aged 5 to 10 years of ASA grade I &amp; II in department of anesthesia &amp; department of pediatric at K.D. Medical College, Mathura, U.P. India during one year period. Patients divided in two groups: Group R: 50 patients received Inj. Rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg iv) and Group S: 50 patients received Inj. Suxamethonium (2 mg/kg iv). Intubating conditions were assessed using the criteria (use to attribute scores in evaluating intubating conditions are jaw relaxation, vocal cord position and diaphragmatic activity) proposed for good clinical research practice in studies of neuromuscular blocking drugs. Results: Excellent intubating conditions were observed in 100% cases receiving suxamethonium at 60 sec &amp; 90 sec while in 80% and 94% cases receiving Rocuronium at 60 sec &amp; 90 sec respectively. In group S (Suxamethonium chloride 2 mg/kg) onset of action was 42.38 ± 3.57 seconds significantly faster than either group R (Rocuronium bromide 0.6mg/kg) onset of action was 210.62 ± 48.34 seconds. Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that this new non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent may be considered as a valuable alternative to Suxamethonium for rapid tracheal intubation, i.e., within 60 seconds

Data Clustering Using Moth-Flame Optimization Algorithm

A k-means algorithm is a method for clustering that has already gained a wide range of acceptability. However, its performance extremely depends on the opening cluster centers. Besides, due to weak exploration capability, it is easily stuck at local optima. Recently, a new metaheuristic called Moth Flame Optimizer (MFO) is proposed to handle complex problems. MFO simulates the moths intelligence, known as transverse orientation, used to navigate in nature. In various research work, the performance of MFO is found quite satisfactory. This paper suggests a novel heuristic approach based on the MFO to solve data clustering problems. To validate the competitiveness of the proposed approach, various experiments have been conducted using Shape and UCI benchmark datasets. The proposed approach is compared with five state-of-art algorithms over twelve datasets. The mean performance of the proposed algorithm is superior on 10 datasets and comparable in remaining two datasets. The analysis of experimental results confirms the efficacy of the suggested approach