Mechanical and Microstructural Evolution of Friction stir welded joint of AA2014 alloys

The solidification cracking phenomenon restricts the use of fusion welding process to join aluminum and its alloy. Friction stir welding (FSW) process can be used in joining of aluminium alloys which is not or less susceptible to form welded voids, induced distortions, solidification cracking. In the present work an investigation of mechanical and microstructural changes after FSW is presented during the similar joining of AA2014 aluminium alloys. The influences of tool geometry during FSW is analysed and compared among the joint made by triangular, pedal and pentagonal pin. Based on the obtained mechanical properties of the joint metallurgical investigation is performed. Optical micrographs are used to reveal the phases present in the fusion zone. EBSD investigation of the selected sample is done to analyse the mis-orientaion angle and grain size etc. Pedal pin profile tool exhibit better mechanical properties in comparison to pentagonal pin and triangular pin. Obtained ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation are 345MPa and 13.5 % respectively. Micro-hardness and impact energy are obtained as 125HV0.2 and 4.6 J of Fpedal sample. Obtained joint efficiency of Fpedal sample is 74%, which is higher among joint efficiency of Fpentagonal and Ftringular samples

Optimization on Manufacturing Processes at Indian Industries Using TOPSIS

32-44Evaluation and optimization of multi-criteria with multiple alternatives have been essential activities for decision-making process. TOPSIS (Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution), a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique, has been adopted in the past for research & decision-making and ranking of alternatives by optimizing input parameters to get the maximum overall output from the system. This study aims to explore the context, reasons, and particular advantages of using TOPSIS in the materials science and engineering field for realizing goals of competitive supply chains (SCs). This study has reviewed and analyzed research papers from the approach of systematic review of the literature. This study has presented a conceptual framework to emphasize the antecedents and consequences of using the TOPSIS methodology for output optimization in the materials science and engineering industry that can improve the competitiveness of SCs. This study found that TOPSIS based methodologies have been used in eleven types of industries in India, indicating the prowess of TOPSIS methodology. The results of TOPSIS have compared very well with other MCDM methods that are relatively more difficult and cumbersome. This study will help the engineers, practitioners, academicians, researchers, and SC managers with the application approach of TOPSIS for output optimization in various fields

Current Status and Way Forward of Microwave Hybrid Heating in India: A Bibliometric Analysis

9-20Automotive and aerospace industries are keen to employ unique techniques and novel materials to reduce weight and cost and improve part performance. The application of microwave technology in the processing of metallic materials is a relative breakthrough in this direction. Recently, microwave hybrid heating (MHH) has evolved to extend the technique's utility further. Several studies on MHH have been carried out worldwide in the last three decades, and India is the prime contributor. This article documents a systematic and bibliographic review of MHH (between 1998-2022) in the Indian scenario. For this purpose, 125 documents are chosen from Scopus Core Collection and analyzed using a bibliometric analysis tool. The research status is examined based on the time distribution of articles, geography, top-cited documents, citation mapping of journals and researchers, mapping of co-occurrence, analysis of authors' keywords, country-wise publications, and cluster assessment. The result establishes that India is dominating, followed by theUSA. Moreover, there is an increasing trend in the number of publications. A guideline is also included to revive the research community's interest to mature the process further

Simplified micromechanics approach to analysis the performance of UD composites

299-306A simplified micromechanical approach is used for the modelling and analysis of unidirectional (UD) composite performance. In this paper, the influence of volume fraction and constituent properties on the effective longitudinal, transverse, and shear properties of unidirectional composites are investigated. These effective properties are determined using the micromechanical approach, which is based on mathematical modelling using the rule of mixtures. Four different types of unidirectional composites such as T300/BSL914C, IM7/8511-7, T300/PR319, and S2-Glass/epoxy were used for analysis purposes. The method was validated with existing experimental results. The response is dependent on an array of parameters, such as the orientation of fibers, the volume fractions of fibers, array of fibers and the material properties of their constituents. Further, this micromechanical method might be used with other reinforcing fibers for the prediction of properties of UD, hybrid and other composites architectures

Influence of TAC/TI/Si3N4 on mechanical and corrosion performance of AA7075 alloy matrix composite processed by stir processing route

355-365In modernistic years, Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are becoming enchanting in fields of aerospace, military, defence and automobile applications reason being they offer merit such as high strength to weight proportion, good tribological, good corrosion resistance, excellent fatigue and creep performance and good bending behaviour etc. In the current research, an attempt was made to synthesize AA7075 blended with distinct wt% of Titanium (Ti), Tantalum Carbide (TaC) and Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) multi hybrid MMCs were examined. Microstructural, flexural, corrosion and low cycle fatigue aspects of the developed multi hybrid MMCs were examined as per ASTM standard. The brittleness of Si3N4, TaC and Ti particulates structured with the interface betwixt matrix culminates in increment in the flexural strength of the composite. The bending analysis clearly shows that, TaC and Si3N4 are the major contributing materials for flexural aspect because the presence of hard ceramic particulates restricts the dislocation movement by providing additional strength. Microstructural analysis reveals the existence of reinforcements. Also, homogeneous dissemination and good interfacial bonding betwixt the matrix and reinforcement particulates were noticed. AA7075 reinforced with 1 wt% Ti, 6 wt% Si3N4 and 0.5 wt% TaC operated at higher load (1500 N) and higher number of cycles 14103 cycles with a stable strain rate. The number of cycles to failure was observed to be enhanced for the matured composites on account of an inconsequential percentage of induced plastic strain

Experimental studies and mathematical modelling of Inconel 600 with CVD coated TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/ZrCN inserts under dry machining Conditions

385-393Inconel 600 is a nickel-based super alloy with applications in the field of Aerospace, Nuclear energy, Heat treatment, and chemical processing industries, and is a difficult to cut material due to its high hot hardness and strength. Coated carbide inserts can improve the machinability of alloys like Inconel 600 and other super alloys. This work is about the machinability characteristics study on Inconel 600 alloy under dry turning environment with high speed machining using CVD coated TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/ZrCN cutting tool insert. Cutting speed (200, 250, and 300 m/min), feed rate (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 mm/rev), and back rake angle (-7, -5, -3°) are considered as machining process parameters. Full factorial design of experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of process parameters on surface roughness and material removal rate. It was found that surface roughness decreased with increase in cutting speed and increases with increase in feed rate. Surface roughness increases with increase in rake angle in negative direction. Material removal rate increases with increase in both cutting speed and the feed rate whereas rake angle had minimal influence. Mathematical modelling was done on the obtained results and found that Rˆ2 value for surface roughness and material removal rate were 99.14% and 98.69% respectively. Analysis of Variance on surface roughness found that feed rate* feed rate is the most influencing parameter with maximum contribution of 34.16% whereas feed rate* cutting speed parameter has maximum influence on material removal rate with contribution of 83.03 %

Depth Profiles of Residual Stresses in Inconel 718 Machined with Uncoated and Coated Tools

Inconel 718 is one of the super-alloy materials, belonging to nickel-chromium alloy family, which has major applicationsin aerospace sector such as engine parts and turbine components. Durability of these components during engineeringperformance is affected by residual stresses induced in them in the course of their manufacturing processes. The concept ofthe present paper is to provide an insight view of induced residual stresses in Inconel 718 work piece, when machined withcoated (TiN) and uncoated tools at optimum conditions. For this purpose, turning experiments have been conducted onIN718 material through statistical approach using L9 orthogonal array. Taguchi optimization method is exercised with theemphasis on minimizing the cutting forces resulted during machining. The residual stresses generated in the work piece atthe optimum conditions employed for both the tools have been evaluated using XRD method. Conditions such as cuttingspeed of 60 m/min, feed at 0.068 mm/rev and depth-of-cut of 0.10 mm have been optimized for achieving minimum cuttingforces during machining of IN 718 using both coated and uncoated tools. However, tensile stresses on the initial surfacelayer and compressive stresses in the sub-surface layers are found higher in the work piece material machined with uncoatedtool. Surface roughness and temperature developed on the surface of the machined bar are higher in case of uncoated toolthan those with coated tool

Friction Stir Process: A Comprehensive Review on Material and Methodology

45-64aerospace, automobile, marine and bio-medical implants application. Improvement of the material structure and surface associated with high energy requirements as well as may contain environments harmful content, like physical and chemical vapor deposition consumes high energy and extract toxic elements. Friction stir process (FSP) is surface modification and surface composites fabrication process, which works as a solid-state process. This process based on friction between the tool and workpiece which generates heat used for modification of the material. There is no fumes generation and low energy requirement, so it comes under the domain of green technology. Customized vertical milling machine is used to perform friction stir process/welding. In this review paper, an attempt has been made to study the FSP process at a glance with brief bibliometric analysis of relevant research in last two decades. Influence of the key process parameters i.e., rotational speed, traverse speed, tool geometry and machining parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties have also been discussed. A case study on the process parameter optimization range has been done to ensure the range of parameters. This study helps to reduce the defects during the process and improve the associated properties of the processed material. Potential difficulties and the possible measures have also been suggested for giving the future direction