Interpretation of developmental signaling at chromatin: the Polycomb perspective

The Polycomb group (PcG) system represses the transcription of important developmental regulators and perpetuates this repression across multiple cell divisions. Inputs from outside the cell can influence PcG function by recruiting additional chromatin factors to PcG-regulated loci or by downregulating the PcG genes themselves. These types of PcG system modulation allow context-dependent induction of genes during development, in cancer, and in response to changes in the environment. In this review, we outline instances where molecular players in this process have been recently identified, comparing and contrasting different ways in which derepression is achieved, and projecting directions for future research

[email protected]: an emerging hub of a networker

The molecular chaperone heat-shock protein of 90 kDa (Hsp90) stabilizes various proteins and occupies a central position in cellular networks. Hsp90 inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials as anticancer drugs. Recent studies have illuminated the unappreciated significance of this chaperone in chromatin transactions and this review focuses on its role in gene expression. By comparing the different mechanisms by which Hsp90 orchestrates transcriptional regulation, the review outlines the contributions of this function to the cellular and organismal phenotype. We chart exciting avenues for research to gain comprehensive insights in the chaperone's importance in cellular physiology, thereby presenting novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention

Cis-regulatory variation: significance in biomedicine and evolution

Cis-regulatory regions (CRR) control gene expression and chromatin modifications. Genetic variation at CRR in individuals across a population contributes to phenotypic differences of biomedical relevance. This standing variation is important for personalized genomic medicine as well as for adaptive evolution and speciation. This review focuses on genetic variation at CRR, its influence on chromatin, gene expression, and ultimately disease phenotypes. In addition, we summarize our understanding of how this variation may contribute to evolution. Recent technological and computational advances have accelerated research in the direction of personalized medicine, combining strengths of molecular biology and genomics. This will pave new ways to understand how CRR variation affects phenotypes and chart out possible avenues of intervention

Hsp90 globally targets paused RNA polymerase to regulate gene expression in response to environmental stimuli

The molecular chaperone Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) promotes the maturation of several important proteins and plays a key role in development, cancer progression, and evolutionary diversification. By mapping chromatin-binding sites of Hsp90 at high resolution across the Drosophila genome, we uncover an unexpected mechanism by which Hsp90 orchestrates cellular physiology. It localizes near promoters of many coding and noncoding genes including microRNAs. Using computational and biochemical analyses, we find that Hsp90 maintains and optimizes RNA polymerase II pausing via stabilization of the negative elongation factor complex (NELF). Inhibition of Hsp90 leads to upregulation of target genes, and Hsp90 is required for maximal activation of paused genes in Drosophila and mammalian cells in response to environmental stimuli. Our findings add a molecular dimension to the chaperone's functionality with wide ramifications into its roles in health, disease, and evolution

Negative image amplifier technique for performance enhancement of ultra wideband LNA

The paper aims at designing of two stage cascaded ultra-wideband (UWB) low noise amplifier (LNA) by using negative image amplifier technique. The objective of this article is to show the performance improvement using negative image amplifier technique and realization of negative valued lumped elements into microstrip line geometry. The innovative technique to realize the negative lumped elements are carried out by using Richard’s Transformation and transmission line calculation. The AWR microwave office tool is used to obtain characteristics of UWB LNA design with hybrid microwave integrated circuit (HMIC) technology. The 2-stage cascaded LNA design using negative image amplifier technique achieves average gain of 23dB gain and low noise figure of less than 2dB with return loss less than -8dB for UWB 3-10GHz. The Proper bias circuit is extracted using DC characteristics of transistor at biasing point 2V, 20mA and discussed in detail with LNA layout. The negative image matching technique is applied for both input and output matching network. This work will be useful for all low power UWB wireless receiver applications

Spices and condiments: safer option for treatment of hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia is a lipoprotein metabolic disorder characterized by high serum Low density Lipoprotein and blood cholesterol. It is a major risk factors in the development and progression of atherosclerosis that eventually lead to cardiovascular diseases. This poses a major problem to majority of society because of the close correlation between cardiovascular diseases and lipid abnormalities. There are various features which are associated directly or indirectly as etiological factors viz. heredity, age, obesity, sex, diet, physical inactivity, hypertension, lifestyle disorders and various stress factors. For alleviation and treatment there are many ways such as allopathic medications, alternative systems like Ayurvedic, Diet control, lifestyle discipline etc. Recently Spice therapies are seen useful and effective. In India, Ayurveda and other Indian literature mentions the use of various plants and spices. Spices in diet are useful as they play effective role in the functioning of various body systems such as gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and nervous system. Along with proper food habits, diet which contains variety of spices which have been proved as hypolipidemic, can be effective in controlling hyperlipidemia. Spices used in day-to-day life as food, can also be used in the treatment of various human ailments. Along with the taste, flavor, colour and preservative property, spices also possess hypolipidemic effects. This review is focused mainly on the beneficial hypolipidemic effect of five spices (Dill, Garlic, Fenugreek, Ginger, Coriander) in the management of hyperlipidemia. This article is based on the traditional knowledge, mechanism of action for hypolipidemic activity and some experimental scientific studies done to support the use of these spices in the management of hyperlipidemia

Chaperoning junior faculty: Institutional support and guidance can relieve challenges for early-career group leaders and imporove academic performance

The initial excitement of finally leading an independent research group is quickly followed by the realization that it comes with novel challenges. The first day as a principal investigator sets the clock ticking on limited time and opportunities to publish and apply for grants and awards that all are required for tenure or the next job. Expectations are high: PIs must be outstanding scholars who establish their own research program, excel in teaching, and are helpful colleagues and mentors for their students and postdocs. Meeting such high expectations with little experience can cause anxiety and stress. Moreover, we are often our own worst critics; meeting high self‐expectations can be demanding even without external pressure. Based on our experiences as junior faculty, we herewith suggest a set of measures that could help early‐career group leaders to better handle this stress and allow them—and their host institutes—to flourish

Intelligent Recommendation System for Higher Education

Education domain is very vast and the data is increasing every day. Extracting information from this data requires various data mining techniques. Educational data mining combines various methods of data mining, machine learning and statistics; which are appropriate for the unique data that comes from educational sector. Most of the education recommendation systems available help students to choose particular stream for graduate education after successful schooling or to choose particular career options after graduation. Counseling students during their course of graduate education will help him to comprehend subjects in better ways that will results in enhancing his understanding about subjects. This is possible by knowing the ability of student in learning subjects in past semesters and also mining the similar learning patterns from the past databases. Most educational systems allow students to plan out their subjects (particularly electives) during the beginning of the semester or course. The student is not fully aware about what subjects are good for his career, in which field he is interested in, or how would he perform. Recommending students to choose electives by considering his learning ability, his area of interest, extra-curricular activities and his performance in prerequisites would facilitate students to give a better performance and avoid their risk of failure. This would allow student to specialize in his domain of interest. This early prediction benefits the students to take necessary steps in advance to avoid poor performance and to improve their academic scores. To develop this system, various algorithms and recommendation techniques have to be applied. This paper reviews various data mining and machine learning approaches which are used in educational field and how it can be implemented

The evolutionary capacitor HSP90 buffers the regulatory effects of mammalian endogenous retroviruses

Understanding how genotypes are linked to phenotypes is important in biomedical and evolutionary studies. The chaperone heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) buffers genetic variation by stabilizing proteins with variant sequences, thereby uncoupling phenotypes from genotypes. Here we report an unexpected role of HSP90 in buffering cis-regulatory variation affecting gene expression. By using the tripartite-motif-containing 28 (TRIM28; also known as KAP1)-mediated epigenetic pathway, HSP90 represses the regulatory influence of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) on neighboring genes that are critical for mouse development. Our data based on natural variations in the mouse genome show that genes respond to HSP90 inhibition in a manner dependent on their genomic location with regard to strain-specific ERV-insertion sites. The evolutionary-capacitor function of HSP90 may thus have facilitated the exaptation of ERVs as key modifiers of gene expression and morphological diversification. Our findings add a new regulatory layer through which HSP90 uncouples phenotypic outcomes from individual genotypes

Detection of incorrect and inappropriateImagefrom Tweets in Social Network

Digital imaging has grown to become the prevalent technology for creating, processing, and storing digital memory and proof. Though this technology brings many leverage, it can be used as a ambiguous tool for covering details and evidences. This is because today digital images can be tampered in such supremacy that forgery cannot be find visually. In fact, the immunity concern of digital content has arisen a long time ago and different methods to verify the efficiency of digital images have been developed. Digital images offer many features for forgery detection algorithm to take precedence of specifically the color and brightness of individual pixels as well as an image�s resolution and format. These properties grant for analysis and similarity between the significance of digital forgeries in an attempt to develop an algorithm for detecting image tampering. This paper presents a technique for image copy or move image forgery detection using Radix Sort, FasterK-means clustering algorithm & DCT