2,280 research outputs found
Molecular analysis reveals that lack of chasmothecia formation in Erysiphe necator in Maharashtra, India is due to presence of only MAT1-2 mating type idiomorph
The heterothallic, ubiquitous fungus Erysiphe necator causes powdery mildew disease of grapevines and in many countries it is reported to reproduce both asexually and sexually. Sexual reproduction results in the formation of chasmothecia (cleistothecia) on infected surfaces when the colonies of two opposite mating types meet on the infected plant parts and the temperatures are favorable for their development. Chasmothecia are reported from north India, but not from peninsular India, even though powdery mildew is reportedly present in these regions at least since the beginning of the last century. Through systematic survey of ten vineyards in Maharashtra and adjoining Karnataka in peninsular India, we confirmed the absence of chasmothecia under natural conditions. Analysis of temperature data from two locations in Maharashtra showed that the Tmax and Tmin were favourable for chasmothecia initiation (10 °C to 30 °C) and maturation (15 °C to 30 °C) for a sufficient period of time.Multiplex PCR of 120 E. necator field isolates collected from peninsular India showed presence of a single band of 232 bp corresponding to MAT1-2 mating type idiomorph or MAT- phenotype. None of the samples gave band of 408 bp corresponding to MAT1-1 mating type idiomorph. Further, two bands of 408 bp and 232 bp were detected in only one powdery mildew sample collected from Kashmir, in north India while the other nineteen samples gave a single band of 232 bp. Thus, molecular analysis established that E. necator is not sexually reproducing in Maharashtra due to presence of only one mating type idiomorph. The study also brings out that MAT1-1 mating type idiomorph is not as common in nature as MAT1-2 and explains why in many other countries, too, chasmothecia were first observed as late as half to one century after start of grape cultivation.  
Comparative biology and fertility parameters of two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. on different grapevine varieties
The influence of the four grapevine varieties 'Thompson Seedless', 'Manjri Naveen', 'Gulabi' and 'Bangalore Blue' on fitness, development and reproductive characteristics of the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae was studied. The biology of two spotted spider mites consisted of egg, larvae, protonymph, deutonymph and adult stages. The total duration from egg to adult was found to be the least in 'Thompson Seedless' (16.2 days) followed by ''Manjri Naveen' (17.2 days), 'Gulabi' (17.2 days) and maximum in 'Bangalore Blue' (32.2 days). The survival rate of life stages of mites was found to be lower in 'Bangalore Blue'. The higher values of net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase the shortest mean generation time was observed in 'Thompson Seedless' followed by 'Gulabi', 'Manjri Naveen' and 'Bangalore Blue'. The results suggested that 'Thompson Seedless' was the most suitable cultivar with higher survival rate of life stages of mites, shortest development period, higher value intrinsic rate of increase and fecundity whereas 'Bangalore Blue' was the least suitable cultivar because of the lowest intrinsic rate of increase, longest development period, lower survival rate of life stages of mites
Dentinal microcracks after root canal instrumentation using instruments manufactured with different NiTi alloys and the SAF system: A systematic review
Aim: The aim of this systematic analysis was to assess the prevalence of dentinal microcracks at various levels (3, 6, and 9mm from the apex) after using instruments made with conventional, R-Phase, and M-Wire NiTi alloys and the SAF system. Materials and Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in the databases Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, andWeb of Science. To arrange search methods, “MeSH” terms and/or keywords typically associated with the subject were paired with the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR.” Additional searches were conducted on the websites of four separate endodontic journals. After reading the titles and excluding duplicates, 1000 of the 1343 documents originally found were eliminated. Upon reviewing the abstracts, 310 of the remaining 343 experiments were also eliminated. Based on qualifying requirements, only 13 of the remaining 33 articles were included in the qualitative review. Results: All systems triggered dentinal microcracks; however, when chemo-mechanical preparation was performed using Self-Adjusting File (SAF) and systems manufactured with R-phase technology—K3XF and Twisted File Adaptive (TFA)—less of these defects were found when compared to those manufactured with traditional NiTi—ProTaper Universal and Mtwo—and with M-Wire—ProTaper Next, Reciproc, and WaveOne. Conclusions: A lower prevalence of dentinal microcracks was observed after using SAF and endodontic systems manufactured with R-phase
MesonNet 2013 International Workshop. Mini-proceedings
The mini-proceedings of the MesonNet 2013 International Workshop held in
Prague from June 17th to 19th, 2013, are presented. MesonNet is a research
network within EU HadronPhysics3 project (1/2012 -- 12/2014). The web page of
the conference, which contains all talks, can be found at
http://ipnp.mff.cuni.cz/mesonnet13Comment: 106 pages, 53 contributions. Mini-proceedings of the MesonNet 2013
International Workshop. Editors: K. Kampf, A. Kupsc, and P. Masjua
Sinteza i biološko vrednovanje novih derivata 2-fenil-benzimidazol-1-acetamida kao potencijalnih anthelmintika
The present study describes synthesis of a series of 2-phenyl benzimidazole-1-acetamide derivatives and their evaluation for anthelmintic activity using Indian adult earthworms, Pheretima posthuma. The structure of the title compounds was elucidated by elemental analysis and spectral data. The compounds 4-({[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}amino) benzoic acid (3a), N-ethyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3c), N-benzyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3d), N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3f), 2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-phenylacetamide (3h), 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N\u27-phenylacetohydrazide (3k), 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-(4-nitrophenyl) acetamide (3n) and 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-phenylacetamide (3q) were better to paralyze worms whereas N-ethyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3c), N-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1yl] acetamide (3e), 4-({[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetyl} amino) benzoic acid (3j), 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-ethylacetamide (3l) and 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-phenylacetamide (3q) were better to cause death of worms compared to the anthelmintic drug albendazole.U radu je opisana sinteza derivata 2-fenil-benzimidazol-1-acetamida i ispitivanje njihovog anthelmintičkog djelovanja na odrasle indijske gliste, Pheretima posthuma. Struktura sintetiziranih spojeva određena je elementarnom analizom i spektroskopskim metodama. Spojevi 4-({[2-(4-nitrofenil)-1H-benzimidazol-1-il]acetil}amino) benzojeva kiselina (3a), N-etil-2-[2-(4-nitrofenil)-1H-benzimidazol-1-il] acetamid (3c), N-benzil-2-[2-(4-nitrofenil)-1H-benzimidazol-1-il] acetamid (3d), N-(4-hidroksifenil)-2-[2-(4-nitrofenil)-1H-benzimidazol-1-il] acetamid (3f), 2-[2-(4-nitrofenil)-1H-benzimidazol-1-il]-N-fenilacetamid (3h), 2-[2-(4-klorfenil)-1H-benzimidazol-1-il]-N\u27-fenilacetohidrazid (3k), 2-[2-(4-klorfenil)-1H-benzimidazol-1-il]-N-(4-nitrofenil) acetamid (3n) i 2-[2-(4-klorfenil)-1H-benzimidazol-1-il]-N-fenilacetamid (3q) jače paraliziraju gliste, a N-etil-2-[2-(4-nitrofenil)-1H-benzimidazol-1-il] acetamid (3c), 2-[2-(4-nitrofenil)-1H-benzimidazol-1-il]-N-fenilacetamid (3h), 4-({[2-(4-klorfenil)-1H-benzimidazol-1-il]acetil}amino) benzojeva kiselina (3j), 2-[2-(4-klorfenil)-1H-benzimidazol-1-il]-N-etilacetamid (3l) i 2-[2-(4-klorfenil)-1H-benzimidazol-1-il]-N-fenilacetamid (3q) učinkovitije usmrćuju gliste nego anthelmintik albendazol
Neutron-Proton Scattering in the Context of the (2380) Resonance
New data on quasifree polarized neutron-proton scattering, in the region of
the recently observed resonance structure, have been obtained by
exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics measurements with WASA at
COSY. This paper details the determination of the beam polarization, checks of
the quasifree character of the scattering process, on all obtained
angular distributions and on the new partial-wave analysis, which includes the
new data producing a resonance pole in the - coupled partial
waves at () MeV -- in accordance with the dibaryon
resonance hypothesis. The effect of the new partial-wave solution on the
description of total and differential cross section data as well as specific
combinations of spin-correlation and spin-transfer observables available from
COSY-ANKE measurements at = 2.27 GeV is discussed
Search for eta-mesic 4He in the dd->3He n pi0 and dd->3He p pi- reactions with the WASA-at-COSY facility
The search for 4He-eta bound states was performed with the WASA-at-COSY
facility via the measurement of the excitation function for the dd->3He n pi0
and dd->3He p pi- processes. The beam momentum was varied continuously between
2.127 GeV/c and 2.422 GeV/c, corresponding to the excess energy for the dd->4He
eta reaction ranging from Q=-70 MeV to Q=30 MeV. The luminosity was determined
based on the dd->3He n reaction and quasi-free proton-proton scattering via
dd->pp n_spectator n_spectator reactions. The excitation functions determined
independently for the measured reactions do not reveal a structure which could
be interpreted as a narrow mesic nucleus. Therefore, the upper limits of the
total cross sections for the bound state production and decay in
dd->(4He-eta)_bound->3He n pi0 and dd->(4He-eta)_bound->3He p pi- processes
were determined taking into account the isospin relation between both the
channels considered. The results of the analysis depend on the assumptions of
the N* momentum distribution in the anticipated mesic-4He. Assuming as in the
previous works, that this is identical with the distribution of nucleons bound
with 20 MeV in 4He, we determined that (for the mesic bound state width in the
range from 5 MeV to 50 MeV) the upper limits at 90% confidence level are about
3 nb and about 6 nb for npi0 and ppi- channels, respectively. However, based on
the recent theoretical findings of the N*(1535) momentum distribution in the
N*-3He nucleus bound by 3.6 MeV, we find that the WASA-at-COSY detector
acceptance decreases and hence the corresponding upper limits are 5 nb and 10
nb for npi0 and ppi- channels respectively.Comment: This article will be submitted to JHE
Evidence for a New Resonance from Polarized Neutron-Proton Scattering
Exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics measurements of
quasifree polarized scattering have been performed in the energy
region of the narrow resonance structure with , 2380 MeV/ and 70 MeV observed recently in the
double-pionic fusion channels and .
The experiment was carried out with the WASA detector setup at COSY having a
polarized deuteron beam impinged on the hydrogen pellet target and utilizing
the quasifree process . That way the
analyzing power was measured over a large angular range. The obtained
angular distributions deviate systematically from the current SAID SP07
NN partial-wave solution. Incorporating the new data into the SAID
analysis produces a pole in the waves as expected from the
resonance hypothesis
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