Fundamental Research of Interest in Adapted Physical Education

課題番号：2050053

An Interdependence Approach to Empathic Concern for Disability and Accessibility: Effects of Gender, Culture, and Priming Self-Construal in Japan and New Zealand

An interdependence approach to empathic concern could transform the current societal environment for people with disability into a more accessible and equitable one. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate two possible factors influencing empathic concern, gender and ethnic culture, in specific helping scenarios. We first examined whether the female gender and collectivist culture of Japan were associated with higher levels of interdependence and empathic concern for disability than were the male gender and individualist culture of New Zealand. Empathic concern for people with impairment was assessed in accessible and inaccessible environments. Neither gender nor culture significantly influenced the level of interdependence, whereas gender and culture differentially moderated empathic concern. We also explored the possibility of altering self-construal and thus promoting prosocial behaviour by examining the correlation between self-construal and prosocial intention, and the effect of cultural priming on self-construal. The correlation was significant under inaccessible conditions in the Japanese sample, and the effect of interdependent priming was not significant on interdependent self-construal in both countries. Discussion centres on theoretical implications of the observed conditional support for the female-gender and collectivist-culture hypotheses, and on ways to promote prosocial behaviour, taking into account gender and cultural differences

Cycloaddition Reactions of 1-Aza- and 1,3-Diazaazulenium 1-Methylides

2-Chloro-, 2-methoxy-, and 2-amino-1-azaazulenium 1-methylides and 1,3-diazaazulenium 1-methylide were generated by the treatment of the corresponding 1-trimethylsilylmethyl-1-azaazulenium triflates and 1-trimethylsilylmethyl-1,3-diazaazulenium triflate with CsF; the triflates were prepared from the corresponding 1-azaazulenes and 1,3-diazaazulene with trimethylsilylmethyl triflate. The 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of the 2-chloro-1-azazaazulenium 1-methylide, prepared in situ, with acetylenic esters gave 2a-azabenz[cd]azulene derivatives and 3a-azacyclopenta[a]naphthalene derivatives as major products, whereas 2-piperizino-1-azaazulenium 1-methylide underwent extended dipolar cycloaddition with acetylenic esters and afforded 9b-azacyclopent[a]azulene derivatives as major products

自立する北海道経済と金融の役割 : 道内金融機関のリレバンと地域金融の方向性

本稿では,道内の金融機関が取り組むリレーションシップバンキングの実施状況を踏まえたうえで,中小企業金融の円滑化に向けた事例として,コミュニティファイナンスなどを取り上げ,結論として地域において必要なリスクを担い,地域経済の自立を支える地域金融の方向性を示唆する