505 research outputs found

    Thermodynamics of Twisted DNA with Solvent Interaction

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    The imaginary time path integral formalism is applied to a nonlinear Hamiltonian for a short fragment of heterogeneous DNA with a stabilizing solvent interaction term. Torsional effects are modeled by a twist angle between neighboring base pairs stacked along the molecule backbone. The base pair displacements are described by an ensemble of temperature dependent paths thus incorporating those fluctuational effects which shape the multisteps thermal denaturation. By summing over ∌107−108\sim 10^7 - 10^8 base pair paths, a large number of double helix configurations is taken into account consistently with the physical requirements of the model potential. The partition function is computed as a function of the twist. It is found that the equilibrium twist angle, peculiar of B-DNA at room temperature, yields the stablest helicoidal geometry against thermal disruption of the base pair hydrogen bonds. This result is corroborated by the computation of thermodynamical properties such as fractions of open base pairs and specific heat.Comment: The Journal of Chemical Physics (2011) in pres

    AmĂ©lioration de la valeur nutritionnelle des gousses de Piliostigma reticulatum (D. C.) Hochst dans l’alimentation du bĂ©tail en pĂ©riode de soudure

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    Dans la zone nord soudanienne du Burkina Faso, les gousses de Piliostigma reticulatum sont intensĂ©ment utilisĂ©es pendant la saison sĂšche comme aliment d’appoint pour le bĂ©tail. L’objectif de cette Ă©tudeest d’amĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© nutritionnelle de ces gousses pour optimiser leur apport. Neuf rations comprenant chacune des gousses de P. reticulatum (70 p.100) et du foin de Pennisetum pedicellatum (30 p.100) distribuĂ©esĂ  raison de 50 g MS/kg p0,75 ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©es sur des ovins de race DjallonkĂ©. Les gousses ont subi diffĂ©rents traitements physiques (concassage, mouture) suivis ou non de traitement Ă  l’urĂ©e auxquelles est associĂ© dans certains cas du charbon de bambou Ă  des doses de 0,25 ou 0,50 g/kg PV dans le but d’influencer l’action des tanins. L’utilisation de l’urĂ©e a entraĂźnĂ©, quelle que soit la forme de distribution, une amĂ©lioration de la digestibilitĂ©, surtout celle des matiĂšres azotĂ©es en raison de l’augmentation significative de leur teneur. L’adjonction du charbon de bambou n’a amĂ©liorĂ© la digestibilitĂ© des gousses non traitĂ©es Ă  l’urĂ©e qu’à la dose de 0,50 g/kg PV. Par contre, sur des gousses traitĂ©es Ă  l’urĂ©e, il a permis une amĂ©lioration significative (

    Profil hormonal fĂ©minin et pronostic de la rĂ©ponse Ă  la stimulation ovarienne au cours de l’Assistance MĂ©dicale Ă  la ProcrĂ©ation: ExpĂ©rience du Burkina Faso

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    Après une année de fonctionnement de la première unité d’Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (AMP) du Burkina Faso, ce travail avait pour objectif d’analyser les résultats préliminaires. Un échantillon de 50 femmes âgées de 24 à 50 ans avec une moyenne 36 ± 5 ans ayant pris part à au moins un cycle de Fécondation in vitro (FIV), a bénéficié de dosages hormonaux à J3 et la réponse ovarienne appréciée par le nombre de follicules matures ponctionnés, le nombre d’ovocytes et d’embryons obtenus. Les anomalies hormonales les plus fréquentes étaient l’hyperoestradiolémie avec 30%, l’hyperprolactinémie avec 24%, l’élévation du taux de FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormon) avec 10% et la baisse du taux de LH plasmatique (Luteinising Hormon) avec 28%. Le résultat de l’AMP après une année est de 9 grossesses sur 50 soit 18%. Les femmes avec un taux de FSH à J3 inférieur à 12 mUI/mL étaient moins âgées, avaient plus de follicules antraux. Après stimulation ovarienne, elles ont aussi obtenu plus de follicules, d’ovocytes et d’embryons que les femmes ayant un taux de FSH >12 mUI/mL. Le taux de grossesse était plus bas (12,5 contre 19,04) lorsque le taux de FSH était au dessus de 12 mUI/mL et aucune femme n’était enceinte lorsque ce taux excédait 24 mUI/ml. De même, le taux de grossesse était nul lorsque le rapport FSH/LH était supérieur à 2. L’analyse de la réponse ovarienne en fonction du profil hormonal des patientes à J3 du cycle menstruel confirme l’intérêt de ces paramètres dans la sélection des patientes aux chances raisonnables de réussite.Mots Clés: Hypofertilité féminine, hormones, ovaires, FI

    Caractérisations chimiques des ustensiles de cuisine artisanale en aluminium fabriqués au Burkina Faso : cas de Ouagadougou

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    Dans le cadre de la valorisation des matĂ©riaux d’origine artisanale du Burkina Faso, deux (02) types d’échantillons d’ustensiles de cuisine (marmites artisanales) en aluminium prĂ©levĂ©s dans les diffĂ©rentes zones de la ville de Ouagadougou, ont subi une sĂ©rie d’analyses chimiques. L'artisanat pose le problĂšme de la qualité des produits finis du pays surtout quand on sait qu'ils sont utilisĂ©s pour la cuisine de tous les jours. Ainsi, aucun de ces alliages ne devrait ĂȘtre utilisĂ© pour la fabrication d'ustensiles de cuisine, si nous nous rĂ©fĂ©rons Ă  la norme française EN 601 en juillet 2004. Ce travail est une contribution Ă  la caractĂ©risation physique et chimique des marmites artisanales au centre du Burkina Faso. L’analyse Ă  la fluorescence X (XRF) indique que la majeure partie des Ă©chantillons Ă©tudiĂ©s, contiennent environ 87,3% d’aluminium. La diffraction aux rayons X (DRX), la spectromĂ©trie de photoĂ©lectrons (XPS), la microscopie optique (MO) montrent que les Ă©lĂ©ments constitutifs essentiels des Ă©chantillons d’ustensiles de cuisine sont : Aluminium, Silicium, cuivre, MagnĂ©sium et de Zinc. Enfin, une mesure par colorimĂ©trie permet de mettre en Ă©vidence la prĂ©sence de l’aluminium en solution.Mots clĂ©s : Alliages d’aluminium, analyses chimiques, DRX, MO, XPS, colorimĂ©trie

    Etude de l’influence des modes de transformation sur les teneurs en lycopĂšne de quatre variĂ©tĂ©s de tomates de la rĂ©gion du nord du Burkina Faso

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    Les traitements thermiques visent Ă  stabiliser les aliments pour de longues pĂ©riodes de stockage. Ils induisent des variations dans la composition de l’aliment. Le prĂ©sent travail a pour but d’évaluer l’influence des modes de transformation (sĂ©chage, cuisson) sur les teneurs en lycopĂšne de quatre variĂ©tĂ©s de tomates (Mongal F1, Tropimech, Royale et Rio Grande) de la rĂ©gion nord du Burkina Faso. Les rĂ©sultats en milligrammes de lycopĂšne par gramme de tomates sont ainsi exprimĂ©s : PurĂ©e : Tropimech (0,065), Mongal F1 (0,028), Royale (0,051) et Rio Grande (0,045. AprĂšs les traitements on a notĂ© les Ă©volutions suivantes : SĂ©chage Ă  l’ombre : Tropimech (- 0.009), Mongal F1 (+0.009) Royale (-0.010) et Rio Grande (-0.009). SĂ©chage solaire : Tropimech (-0.021), Mongal F1 (-0.007) Royale (-0.011) et Rio Grande (-0.014). Cuisson : Tropimech (-0.038), Mongal F1 (-0.014), Royale (-0.025) et Rio Grande (-0.024). SĂ©chage solaire puis cuisson : Tropimech (-0.044),  Mongal F1 (-0.017), Royale (-0.038) et Rio Grande (-0.0035). SĂ©chage ombre puis cuisson: Tropimech (-0.045),  Mongal F1 (-0.018), Royale (-0.035) et Rio Grande (-0.033). D’une  maniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©rale, les teneurs en lycopĂšne ont subi une baisse au cours de la transformation.Mots clĂ©s : Tomates, lycopĂšne, mode de transformation

    Comparison of swarming, mating performance and longevity of males Anopheles coluzzii between individuals fed with different natural fruit juices in laboratory and semi-field conditions.

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    BACKGROUND: It is assumed that malaria vectors feed on locally available nectar sources to obtain energy. Sugar feeding is energetically critical for the Anopheles male swarming and mating activities. However, little is known about the impact of local nectar feeding on male physiological development and its consequences on male mosquito life traits in the malaria control context. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of local fruit juices on the life traits of males Anopheles coluzzii. METHODS: Swarming characteristics (number of males in swarm, number of mating pairs, and swarm duration) in semi-field conditions; mating rate and longevity in a laboratory setting were compared between males An. coluzzii fed exclusively with mango, papaya or banana juices. The trophic preference was investigated in semi-field conditions. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that in the laboratory, mosquitoes fed with papaya juices lived on average longer (10 days) than those fed with banana or mango juices (5 days) and had higher a mating rate (53%) than those fed with banana juice (40%). In the semi-field, the swarm size of mosquitoes fed with banana juice (85 males) was larger than that of mosquitoes fed with mango juice (60 males). The number of mating pairs formed from banana-fed male swarms (17 mating pairs) was higher than that formed from mango-fed male swarm (8 mating pairs). There was no difference in swarming duration between male treatments. Male mosquitoes had a preference for papaya and banana juices. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the origin of plant-derived feeding is an important factor in the survival and reproduction of mosquitoes. This calls for further investigations of chemical contents of nectars and their impact on the physiological development of mosquitoes

    Population dynamics of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Bobo-Dioulasso city: bionomics, infection rate and susceptibility to insecticides.

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    Published onlineJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tBACKGROUND: Historical studies have indicated that An. gambiae s.s. is the predominant malaria vector species in Bobo-Dioulasso the second biggest city of Burkina Faso (West Africa). However, over the last decade, An. arabiensis appears to be replacing An. gambiae s.s. as the most prevalent malaria vector in this urban setting. To investigate this species transition in more detail the present study aims to provide an update on the malaria vector composition in Bobo-Dioulasso, and also the Plasmodium infection rates and susceptibility to insecticides of the local An. gambiae s.l. population. METHODS: An entomological survey was carried out from May to December 2008 in Dioulassoba and Kodeni (central and peripheral districts respectively), which are representative of the main ecological features of the city. Sampling consisted of the collection of larval stages from water bodies, and adults by monthly indoor residual spraying (IRS) using aerosol insecticides. Insecticide susceptibility tests were performed using the WHO filter paper protocol on adults emerged from larvae. PCR was used to determine vector species and to identify resistance mechanisms (kdr and ace-1(R)). The Plasmodium infection rate was estimated by ELISA performed on female mosquitoes collected indoors by IRS. RESULTS: An. arabiensis was found to be the major malaria vector in Bobo-Dioulasso, comprising 50 to 100% of the vector population. The sporozoite infection rate for An. arabiensis was higher than An. gambiae s.s. at both Dioulassoba and Kodeni. An. gambiae s.l. was resistant to DDT and cross-resistant to pyrethroids at the two sites with higher levels of resistance observed in An. gambiae s.s. than An. arabiensis. Resistance to 0.1% bendiocarb was observed in the An. gambiae s.s. S form but not the M form or in An. arabiensis. The L1014F kdr mutation was detected in the two molecular forms of An. gambiae s.s. at varying frequencies (0.45 to 0.92), but was not detected in An. arabiensis, suggesting that other mechanisms are involved in DDT resistance in this species. The ace-1(R) mutation was only detected in the S molecular form and was observed at the two sites at similar frequency (0.3). CONCLUSIONS: Over the last ten years, An. arabiensis has become the major malaria vector in Bobo-Dioulasso city where it was formerly present only at low frequency. However, the ecological determinant that enhances the settlement of this species into urban and peri-urban areas of Bobo-Dioulasso remains to be clarified. The impact of the changing An. gambiae s.l. population in this region for vector control including resistance management strategies is discussed.CORUS 6015MIM 60098

    The linker domain of basal transcription factor TFIIB controls distinct recruitment and transcription stimulation functions

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    RNA polymerases (RNAPs) require basal transcription factors to assist them during transcription initiation. One of these factors, TFIIB, combines promoter recognition, recruitment of RNAP, promoter melting, start site selection and various post-initiation functions. The ability of 381 site-directed mutants in the TFIIB ‘linker domain’ to stimulate abortive transcription was systematically quantitated using promoter-independent dinucleotide extension assays. The results revealed two distinct clusters (mjTFIIB E78-R80 and mjTFIIB R90-G94, respectively) that were particularly sensitive to substitutions. In contrast, a short sequence (mjTFIIB A81-K89) between these two clusters tolerated radical single amino acid substitutions; short deletions in that region even caused a marked increase in the ability of TFIIB to stimulate abortive transcription (‘superstimulation’). The superstimulating activity did, however, not correlate with increased recruitment of the TFIIB/RNAP complex because substitutions in a particular residue (mjTFIIB K87) increased recruitment by more than 5-fold without affecting the rate of abortive transcript stimulation. Our work demonstrates that highly localized changes within the TFIIB linker have profound, yet surprisingly disconnected, effects on RNAP recruitment, TFIIB/RNAP complex stability and the rate of transcription initiation. The identification of superstimulating TFIIB variants reveals the existence of a previously unknown rate-limiting step acting on the earliest stages of gene expression
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