Copper contamination in vineyard soils of Bordeaux: spatial risk assessment for the replanting of vines and crops

Copper (Cu) is widely and historically used in viticulture as a fungicide against mildew. Cu has a strong affinity for soil organic matter and accumulates in topsoil horizons. Thus, Cu may negatively affect soil organisms and plants, consequently reducing soil fertility and productivity. The Bordeaux vineyards have the largest vineyard surfaces (26%) within French controlled appellation and a great proportion of French wine production (around 5 million hl per year). Considering the local context of vineyard surfaces decreasing (vine uprooting) and possible new crop plantation, the issue of Cu potential toxicity rises. Therefore, the aims of this work are firstly to evaluate the Cu contamination in vineyard soils of Bordeaux, secondly to produce a risk assessment map for new vine or crop plantation. We used soil analyses from several local studies to build a database with 4496 soil horizon samples. The database was enhanced by means of pedotransfer functions in order to estimate the bioaccessible (EDTA-extractable) Cu in soils of samples without measurements. From this database, 1797 georeferenced samples with CuEDTA concentrations in the topsoil (0-50 cm depth) were used for kriging interpolation in order to produce the spatial distribution map of CuEDTA in vineyard soils. Then, the spatial distribution of Cu was crossed with vine uprooting surfaces and municipality boundaries. CuEDTAconcentrations ranged from 0.52 to 459 mg/kg and showed clear anomalies. Our results from spatial analysis showed that almost 50% of vineyard soil surfaces have CuEDTA concentrations higher than 30 mg/kg (moderate risk for new plantation) and 20% with concentrations higher than 50 mg/kg (high risk for new plantation). A decision-support map based on municipalities was realised to provide a simple tool to stakeholders concerned by land use management

Distribution d’éléments trace dans les sols de Nouvelle-Aquitaine et suivi de contaminants émergents (Ag, Pd, Pt, Rh)

The aim of this thesis is to assess the spatial distribution and origins of old and emerging trace elements in soils of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region based on the French soil monitoring network (RMQS). Firstly, six old trace elements were targeted (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb), their spatial distribution was estimated from the analyses of 356 samples from the first RMQS campaign. The median regional concentrations found are close to the national values. The comparison between the regional and national whisker values as anomaly threshold values showed anomalous regional concentrations. With the help of geostatistics and geographical information systems, the origins of the trace elements studied in the soils could be identified. Arsenic has mixed geogenic and anthropogenic origins, mainly related to mining activities. Cd, Cr and Ni are mainly of geogenic origin on a regional scale. Cu has a mainly anthropogenic origin due to its use as a fungicide in viticulture. Pb also has anthropogenic origins related to mining activities, leaded gasoline and hunting activities. As a second step, 4 emerging elements (Ag, Pd, Pt, Rh) were studied from 35 soil samples collected during the second RMQS campaign. The concentrations found indicate that these soils are slightly contaminated by these elements. Statistical analyses show that, on the one hand Ag, Pb, Rh and on the other hand Pd and Pt are correlated. The analysis of the spatial distribution, with the cross-referencing of geographical, geological and agricultural information, showed that automobile emissions are not a major source of PPGE in forest and agricultural soils. Rather, the distribution of Pd and Pt would be of natural origin with possible anthropogenic contributions coming from: i) the long-distance dispersion of Pd and Pt by particles suspended in the atmosphere; ii) inputs, notably mineral fertilisers, for agricultural soils. The origin of Ag and Rh would also be mainly of natural origin and the highest values would come from the proximity of Ag and Pb deposits and mining.Cette thèse a pour objectif d’évaluer la distribution spatiale et les origines d’éléments trace anciens et émergents dans les sols de Nouvelle-Aquitaine en se basant sur le Réseau de mesures de la qualité des sols (RMQS). En premier lieu, six éléments trace anciens ont été ciblés (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb), leur distribution spatiale a été estimée à partir des analyses de 356 échantillons issus de la première campagne RMQS. Les concentrations médianes régionales retrouvées sont proches des valeurs nationales. La comparaison entre les vibrisses régionales et nationales comme valeurs seuils d’anomalie a montré des concentrations régionales anomaliques. A l’aide de système d’information géographique et géostatistiques les origines des éléments trace étudiés dans les sols ont pu être identifiées. L’arsenic a des origines mixtes, géogène et anthropique, liées principalement aux activités minières. Cd, Cr et Ni sont principalement d’origine géogène à l’échelle régionale. Cu a une origine principalement anthropique de par son utilisation comme fongicide pour la viticulture. Pb a également des origines anthropiques liées aux activités minières, aux essences plombées et aux activités cynégétiques. Dans un second temps, 4 éléments émergents (Ag, Pd, Pt, Rh) ont été étudiés à partir de 35 échantillons de sol prélevés durant la deuxième campagne RMQS. Les concentrations retrouvées indiquent que ces sols sont faiblement contaminés par ces éléments. Les analyses statistiques montrent que, d’une part Ag, Pb, Rh et d’autre part Pd et Pt sont corrélés entre eux. L’analyse de la distribution spatiale, avec le croisement d’informations géographiques, géologiques, et agricoles, a montré que les émissions automobiles ne seraient pas une source majeure de PPGE dans les sols d’occupations forestières et agricoles. La distribution de Pd et Pt serait plutôt d’origine naturelle avec de possibles contributions anthropique provenant de : 1) la dispersion longue distance des PPGE par les particules en suspensions dans l’atmosphère ; 2) des intrants, notamment les fertilisants minéraux, pour les sols agricoles. L’origine de Ag et Rh serait principalement aussi d’origine naturelle et les valeurs les plus élevées viendraient de la proximité de gisements et exploitation minière de Ag et Pb

Distribution of trace elements in soils of Nouvelle-Aquitaine and monitoring of emerging contaminants (Ag, Pd, Pt, Rh)

Cette thèse a pour objectif d’évaluer la distribution spatiale et les origines d’éléments trace anciens et émergents dans les sols de Nouvelle-Aquitaine en se basant sur le Réseau de mesures de la qualité des sols (RMQS). En premier lieu, six éléments trace anciens ont été ciblés (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb), leur distribution spatiale a été estimée à partir des analyses de 356 échantillons issus de la première campagne RMQS. Les concentrations médianes régionales retrouvées sont proches des valeurs nationales. La comparaison entre les vibrisses régionales et nationales comme valeurs seuils d’anomalie a montré des concentrations régionales anomaliques. A l’aide de système d’information géographique et géostatistiques les origines des éléments trace étudiés dans les sols ont pu être identifiées. L’arsenic a des origines mixtes, géogène et anthropique, liées principalement aux activités minières. Cd, Cr et Ni sont principalement d’origine géogène à l’échelle régionale. Cu a une origine principalement anthropique de par son utilisation comme fongicide pour la viticulture. Pb a également des origines anthropiques liées aux activités minières, aux essences plombées et aux activités cynégétiques. Dans un second temps, 4 éléments émergents (Ag, Pd, Pt, Rh) ont été étudiés à partir de 35 échantillons de sol prélevés durant la deuxième campagne RMQS. Les concentrations retrouvées indiquent que ces sols sont faiblement contaminés par ces éléments. Les analyses statistiques montrent que, d’une part Ag, Pb, Rh et d’autre part Pd et Pt sont corrélés entre eux. L’analyse de la distribution spatiale, avec le croisement d’informations géographiques, géologiques, et agricoles, a montré que les émissions automobiles ne seraient pas une source majeure de PPGE dans les sols d’occupations forestières et agricoles. La distribution de Pd et Pt serait plutôt d’origine naturelle avec de possibles contributions anthropique provenant de : 1) la dispersion longue distance des PPGE par les particules en suspensions dans l’atmosphère ; 2) des intrants, notamment les fertilisants minéraux, pour les sols agricoles. L’origine de Ag et Rh serait principalement aussi d’origine naturelle et les valeurs les plus élevées viendraient de la proximité de gisements et exploitation minière de Ag et Pb.The aim of this thesis is to assess the spatial distribution and origins of old and emerging trace elements in soils of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region based on the French soil monitoring network (RMQS). Firstly, six old trace elements were targeted (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb), their spatial distribution was estimated from the analyses of 356 samples from the first RMQS campaign. The median regional concentrations found are close to the national values. The comparison between the regional and national whisker values as anomaly threshold values showed anomalous regional concentrations. With the help of geostatistics and geographical information systems, the origins of the trace elements studied in the soils could be identified. Arsenic has mixed geogenic and anthropogenic origins, mainly related to mining activities. Cd, Cr and Ni are mainly of geogenic origin on a regional scale. Cu has a mainly anthropogenic origin due to its use as a fungicide in viticulture. Pb also has anthropogenic origins related to mining activities, leaded gasoline and hunting activities. As a second step, 4 emerging elements (Ag, Pd, Pt, Rh) were studied from 35 soil samples collected during the second RMQS campaign. The concentrations found indicate that these soils are slightly contaminated by these elements. Statistical analyses show that, on the one hand Ag, Pb, Rh and on the other hand Pd and Pt are correlated. The analysis of the spatial distribution, with the cross-referencing of geographical, geological and agricultural information, showed that automobile emissions are not a major source of PPGE in forest and agricultural soils. Rather, the distribution of Pd and Pt would be of natural origin with possible anthropogenic contributions coming from: i) the long-distance dispersion of Pd and Pt by particles suspended in the atmosphere; ii) inputs, notably mineral fertilisers, for agricultural soils. The origin of Ag and Rh would also be mainly of natural origin and the highest values would come from the proximity of Ag and Pb deposits and mining

Copper contamination in vineyard soils of Bordeaux: spatial risk assessment for the replanting of vines and crops

International audienceCopper (Cu) is widely and historically used in viticulture as a fungicide against mildew. Cu has a strong affinity for soil organic matter and accumulates in topsoil horizons. Thus, Cu may negatively affect soil organisms and plants, consequently reducing soil fertility and productivity. The Bordeaux vineyards have the largest vineyard surfaces (26%) within French controlled appellation and a great proportion of French wine production (around 5 million hl per year). Considering the local context of vineyard surfaces decreasing (vine uprooting) and possible new crop plantation, the issue of Cu potential toxicity rises. Therefore, the aims of this work are firstly to evaluate the Cu contamination in vineyard soils of Bordeaux, secondly to produce a risk assessment map for new vine or crop plantation. We used soil analyses from several local studies to build a database with 4496 soil horizon samples. The database was enhanced by means of pedotransfer functions in order to estimate the bioaccessible (EDTA-extractable) Cu in soils of samples without measurements. From this database, 1797 georeferenced samples with CuEDTA concentrations in the topsoil (0-50 cm depth) were used for kriging interpolation in order to produce the spatial distribution map of CuEDTA in vineyard soils. Then, the spatial distribution of Cu was crossed with vine uprooting surfaces and municipality boundaries. CuEDTAconcentrations ranged from 0.52 to 459 mg/kg and showed clear anomalies. Our results from spatial analysis showed that almost 50% of vineyard soil surfaces have CuEDTA concentrations higher than 30 mg/kg (moderate risk for new plantation) and 20% with concentrations higher than 50 mg/kg (high risk for new plantation). A decision-support map based on municipalities was realised to provide a simple tool to stakeholders concerned by land use management

Silver origins and spatial distribution in soils of southwestern France: A first assessment with cokriging

International audienceAg is a rare, non-essential metal with many applications in different forms, including nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). Its release into the soil environment can represent a risk, due to the toxicity of silver. This study is based on the analysis of samples from the two sampling campaigns of the Soil Quality Measurement Network, RMQS1 and RMQS2, to establish the spatial distribution and origin of Ag in the soils of southwestern France (area of 90,293 km2). Given the progress of the second campaign (completion in 2027), we chose to do a cokriging to estimate the spatial distribution, with Pb, Cd or Cu as potential secondary variables. The results of the analyzes of the 35 samples of the RMQS2 indicate a range of Ag concentration in the soils going from 0.015 to 0.222 mg kg−1 and a median of 0.081 mg kg−1. Correlations were found between the concentrations of Ag Cd, Cu and Pb, and also between Ag concentrations and distance to Pb mines and deposits (r = 0.62). This suggests a common origin for Ag and Pb linked to historical exploitations of argentiferous galena. No link could be demonstrated between the concentration of Ag and the high density of anti-hail ground generators in the region. The analysis of the (auto-)variograms showed that Pb is the most relevant variable compared to Cd and Cu to achieve a cokriging. Thus, based on Ag concentrations from RMQS2 and Pb concentrations from RMQS1 (356 samples), a linear co-regionalization model was established and the co-kriging of Ag concentrations in soils calculated. Compared to ordinary kriging, cokriging improved the quality of the interpolation (decrease in the root mean square error)

Spatial distribution of trace elements in the soils of south-western France and identification of natural and anthropogenic sources

International audienceThe contamination of soils by trace elements is a major concern for soil quality. This study is based on the analysis of 356 samples from the RMQS soil monitoring network to establish the spatial distribution and origin of six trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb) in soils of south-western region of France (area of 90,293 km2). An exploratory and multivariate statistical analysis, and geostatistics combined with a geographic information system (GIS) were used to identify and characterize any concentration anomalies in trace elements. For all the trace elements studied, the exploratory analysis shows that there are more anomalies in this region than in the rest of the country. Analysis of the semivariograms shows that the six elements are spatially auto correlated. The spatial structure of As highlights anisotropic behaviour with a direction that corresponds to the gold deposit and mining activities of the region. This indicates a dual origin anthropogenic and geogenic for As. The correlation between Cd and inherent features of calcareous soil (pH, CaCO3 and cation exchange capacity) suggest a mainly geogenic origin for this element; Cd origin is confirmed by its spatial distribution associated with the Jurassic limestone bedrock. The correlations between Cr, Ni and clays highlight a geogenic origin for these elements, as weathered parent material rich in clays is also rich in Cr and Ni. The high Cu concentrations are of anthropogenic origin, linked to viticulture and the spreading of Bordeaux mixture as a fungicide. Locally high Pb concentrations are associated with mining activities and automobile emissions in large cities in the region

Acclima Terra: Gestion quantitative de l'eau et usages agricoles sous contrainte climatique

International audienc

Acclima Terra: Gestion quantitative de l'eau et usages agricoles sous contrainte climatique

International audienc